This study will test a 24-month multi-component intervention designed to increase physical activity, reduce sedentary practices and promote healthy diets among preteens who obtain orthodontia care. The intervention is based on the Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM), where interacting physiological, environmental, and cultural contingencies select behavior. This study will require five years to recruit 50 orthodontist offices, and 2100 youth, and implement an office-wide intervention for promoting healthy diet and physical activity among 8-13 yr old youth. Our primary aims are to detect a differential change in diet, physical activity and BMI in our experimental group compared to the tobacco prevention control group;to observe differential effects of the intervention between low vs. high SES;and similarly for males vs. females;to validate our primary outcome variables by contrasting them with a """"""""gold standard"""""""";and determine the degree to which family and peer encouragement for sedentary and high caloric diet at baseline increases the relative effect of the orthodontist intervention. Offices will be assigned at random to condition producing a 2 (experimental group) by 2 strata (low vs. high SES) by 2 strata (male vs. female) by 4 (repeated measures) experimental design. Those in the experimental condition will be exposed to the office-wide intervention for diet and activity;those in the control condition will be exposed to an office-wide intervention for tobacco prevention. The intervention will consist of training of orthodontists and office staff to provide appropriate social prompts, reinforcement and counseling, and modification of the offices to provide supportive physical and social resources for their patients and parents. Measures of diet, physical activity, body composition, tobacco use, fitness and family and peer encouragement will occur at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months. Differential change over time will be analyzed using Random Effects Multivariate modeling. Analyses will include control for office cluster effects and multivariate models will include analyses of hypothetical main effects, experimental group by time interactions, and moderating effects by inclusion of interaction terms for susceptibility by experimental condition and other possible moderators. Relevance: If successful, this study may inform policies that would promote all specialists (physicians, general dentists) to deliver brief counseling for diet and physical activity. Doing so might yield the cumulative exposure necessary to effect and sustain change in a large proportion of the preteen population.

Public Health Relevance

If successful, this study may inform policies that would promote all specialists (physicians, general dentists) to deliver brief counseling for diet and physical activity. Doing so might yield the cumulative exposure necessary to effect and sustain change in a large proportion of the preteen population.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01CA138192-03S1
Application #
8216111
Study Section
Community-Level Health Promotion Study Section (CLHP)
Program Officer
Ogunbiyi, Peter
Project Start
2009-03-01
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2011-02-01
Budget End
2012-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$37,795
Indirect Cost
Name
San Diego State University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
073371346
City
San Diego
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92182
Kassem, Nada O F; Kassem, Noura O; Liles, Sandy et al. (2018) Levels of Urine Cotinine from Hookah Smoking and Exposure to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke in Hookah Lounges and Homes. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 7:
Jashinsky, Jared Michael; Liles, Sandy; Schmitz, Katy et al. (2017) Risk factors for tobacco susceptibility in an orthodontic population: An exploratory study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 152:171-177
Bellettiere, John; Liles, Sandy; BenPorat, Yael et al. (2017) And She's Buying a Stairway to Health: Signs and Participant Factors Influencing Stair Ascent at a Public Airport. J Prim Prev 38:597-611
Kassem, Nada O F; Kassem, Noura O; Liles, Sandy et al. (2017) Urinary NNAL in hookah smokers and non-smokers after attending a hookah social event in a hookah lounge or a private home. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 89:74-82
Cisse-Egbuonye, Nafissatou; Liles, Sandy; Schmitz, Katharine E et al. (2016) Availability of Vending Machines and School Stores in California Schools. J Sch Health 86:48-53
Schmitz, Katharine E; Liles, Sandy; Hyman, Ashley N et al. (2016) Youth receiving orthodontic care are not immune to poor diet and overweight: a call for dental providers to participate in prevention efforts. Pediatr Dimens 1:59-64
Kassem, Nada O F; Jackson, Sheila R; Boman-Davis, Marie et al. (2015) Hookah Smoking and Facilitators/Barriers to Lounge Use among Students at a US University. Am J Health Behav 39:832-48
Kassem, Nada O F; Daffa, Reem M; Liles, Sandy et al. (2014) Children's exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke carcinogens and toxicants in homes of hookah smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 16:961-75
Tandon, Mini; Lessov-Schlaggar, Christina N; Tillman, Rebecca et al. (2014) Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Severity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers: A Pilot Investigation. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2:37-40
Hovell, Melbourne F; Robusto, Kristi M; Matt, Georg E (2013) When is it appropriate to scream fire in a crowded theater or public housing? Am J Prev Med 44:93-5

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