Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic malignancies and other diseases. Donor-derived T cells are capable of identifying and attacking host tumor cells, producing the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma (GVL) effect that is crucial for the effectiveness of HSCT for cancer patients. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may develop when donor T cells damage the genetically distinct normal host tissues, and remains a major obstacle for more successful applications of allogeneic HSCT. The goal of this work is to examine a new paradigm regarding Granzyme B (GzmB) function after allogeneic HSCT. This proposal is built on our novel discovery of the counter-intuitive role of GzmB in GVH and GVL responses. Using murine models, we have learned that while GzmB is required for CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) to cause GVHD, it unexpectedly diminishes the GVL effect. Remarkably, this dual detrimental role may reveal GzmB as a long-desired target, allowing separation between GVH and GVL responses. Notably, hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were shown to initiate both GVH and GVL responses. However, professional APCs (e.g., CD8a+ dendritic cells) may be more important for GVL than GVH responses. That is, GVL response may require cross-presentation by APCs because tumor cells often escape immunosurveillance via defective antigen presentation, while non-hematopoietic tissue cells may be sufficient to induce GVHD in the absence of professional APCs. In this context, our own preliminary data and the findings of others show that CTLs can use GzmB to kill host professional APCs, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism for the control of CTL expansion in viral infection models. Together, these findings prompt us to hypothesize that GzmB-mediated damage of professional APCs (or specific subsets) may diminish GVL response without affecting GVH response, while GzmB also damages other host tissues thereby causing GVHD. To test this hypothesis, we will use transgenic mice that overexpress or are deficient for Spi6 (the non-redundant GzmB inhibitor) to make chimeras in which either resistance or sensitivity to GzmB is confined to hematopoietic vs. non-hematopoietic tissues. This unique system will allow us to determine the mechanisms by which donor T cells use GzmB to damage hematopoietic APCs and other normal host tissues thereby skewing GVL and GVH responses. In addition, we will perform comprehensive but compartmentalized analyses to examine the clinical relevance of Granzymes A and B activation in various lymphocyte subsets in HSCT patients. In summary, this study delves into novel mechanisms of a fundamental T cell pathway, and aims to construct new intervention strategies that can separate GVHD from the beneficial GVL effect. These new concepts and intervention strategies may have the potential to lead to better survival and improved quality of life for HSCT patients.

Public Health Relevance

This study investigates novel mechanisms of a fundamental pathway for lymphocyte function, and proposes to develop new strategies that can improve the effectiveness of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. These new concepts and intervention strategies could eventually lead to better survival and improved quality of life for cancer patient undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01CA184728-04
Application #
9614558
Study Section
Cancer Immunopathology and Immunotherapy Study Section (CII)
Program Officer
Mccarthy, Susan A
Project Start
2017-12-15
Project End
2020-08-31
Budget Start
2017-12-15
Budget End
2018-08-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Maryland Baltimore
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
188435911
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21201
Mohammadpour, Hemn; Du, Wei; O'Neill, Rachel et al. (2018) Host-Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor 6 Provides Granzyme B-Independent Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 24:2397-2408
Kumar, Sandeep; Mohammadpour, Hemn; Cao, Xuefang (2017) Targeting Cytokines in GVHD Therapy. J Immunol Res Ther 2:90-99
Leigh, Nicholas D; O'Neill, Rachel E; Du, Wei et al. (2017) Host-Derived CD70 Suppresses Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease by Limiting Donor T Cell Expansion and Effector Function. J Immunol 199:336-347
O'Neill, Rachel E; Du, Wei; Mohammadpour, Hemn et al. (2017) T Cell-Derived CD70 Delivers an Immune Checkpoint Function in Inflammatory T Cell Responses. J Immunol 199:3700-3710
Du, Wei; Leigh, Nicholas D; Bian, Guanglin et al. (2016) Granzyme B Contributes to the Optimal Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect Mediated by Conventional CD4(+) T Cells. J Immunol Res Ther 1:22-28
Du, Wei; Leigh, Nicholas D; Bian, Guanglin et al. (2015) Granzyme B-Mediated Activation-Induced Death of CD4+ T Cells Inhibits Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. J Immunol 195:4514-23
Leigh, Nicholas D; Kokolus, Kathleen M; O'Neill, Rachel E et al. (2015) Housing Temperature-Induced Stress Is Suppressing Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease through ?2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. J Immunol 195:5045-54