Multiple myeloma (MM) is the 2nd most common hematologic malignancy accounting for ~1 percent of all cancers in the Western countries. Despite recent advances in treatment options, it remains incurable with high rates of relapse and drug resistance, with a median survival of ~5 years. Although the etiology of MM is unclear, it is preceded by precursor asymptomatic plasma cell dyscrasias known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma (SMM). Despite the availability of clinical risk models, genomic aberrations and imaging, efforts to utilize these indices to accurately classify early stage precursor disease and monitor clinical course have not been successful. In contrast, recent advances in transcriptome sequencing offer new opportunities to characterize miRNAs as novel biomarkers, which could significantly change the paradigm of MM classification, and ultimately, management and treatment. The goal of the proposed investigation is to identify and characterize the contribution of miRNAs in serum exosomes on the presence of MM, and within the spectrum of progression, MGUS and SMM. We will test the overarching hypothesis that distinct serum exosome miRNAs will correlate with the presence of each precursor disease and myeloma phenotype and a subset of serum exosome miRNAs will correlate with the presence of all precursor disease and myeloma phenotypes relative to controls, giving rise to high priority targets important for MM risk. In addition, we hypothesize that miRNAs influence precursor disease and myeloma phenotypes by altering target gene expression. To address this hypothesis we intend to: (1) identify miRNAs associated with the presence of MM and its asymptomatic precursor states using discovery and independent replication populations and (2) characterize miRNA target genes important for the presence of MM and its asymptomatic precursor states using a whole transcriptome miRNA-mRNA approach. Direct modeling of miRNA-mRNA relationships is critical to advance our understanding of the role miRNAs in regulating post-transcriptional expression of target genes and in so doing, providing insight into biologic mechanism fundamental to disease etiology. This project leverages existing partnerships, resources and comprehensive, high quality clinical data and biospecimens collected in a network of populations to fill a critical gap in knowledge required to improve our understanding of myeloma etiology and disease states associated with progression. Such characterizations can be used to significantly transform the current paradigm for disease surveillance by advancing a set of biomarkers to target high-risk populations who may benefit from early detection and individualized clinical management.

Public Health Relevance

Traditionally, myeloma was thought to result from genetic abnormalities such as mutations that lead to a loss of tumor suppressor genes or a gain of cancer causing genes, called oncogenes. The study of microRNAs is a new discipline that will help us to understand how gene activity instead of genetic mutations alone contributes to the risk of myeloma and its related asymptomatic precursor states. The purpose of this study is to identify microRNAs associated with the presence of MM and its asymptomatic precursor states and to characterize the role miRNAs in regulating gene transcription. These relationships are important to provide insight into biologic mechanism fundamental to disease etiology and new therapeutic targets. Such relationships can be used to predict, classify, manage and treat myeloma. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study may help us to lower the risk of morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA186646-04
Application #
9326231
Study Section
Epidemiology of Cancer Study Section (EPIC)
Program Officer
Zanetti, Krista A
Project Start
2014-07-01
Project End
2019-05-31
Budget Start
2017-06-01
Budget End
2018-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$893,375
Indirect Cost
$108,219
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Bandari, Shyam K; Purushothaman, Anurag; Ramani, Vishnu C et al. (2018) Chemotherapy induces secretion of exosomes loaded with heparanase that degrades extracellular matrix and impacts tumor and host cell behavior. Matrix Biol 65:104-118
Schinasi, Leah H; Brown, Elizabeth E; Camp, Nicola J et al. (2016) Multiple myeloma and family history of lymphohaematopoietic cancers: Results from the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium. Br J Haematol 175:87-101
VanValkenburg, MaryAnn E; Pruitt, Gwendolyn I; Brill, Ilene K et al. (2016) Family history of hematologic malignancies and risk of multiple myeloma: differences by race and clinical features. Cancer Causes Control 27:81-91
Costas, Laura; Lambert, Brice H; Birmann, Brenda M et al. (2016) A Pooled Analysis of Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma among Women in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 25:217-21
Purushothaman, Anurag; Bandari, Shyam Kumar; Liu, Jian et al. (2016) Fibronectin on the Surface of Myeloma Cell-derived Exosomes Mediates Exosome-Cell Interactions. J Biol Chem 291:1652-63
Rand, Kristin A; Song, Chi; Dean, Eric et al. (2016) A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 25:1609-1618