TheobjectiveofthisproposalistounderstandthemechanismsthatgovernDNAreplicationfork stability upon treatment with multiple-drug doses in BRCA-mutant tumors. Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with several forms of cancer, including breast and ovariancancers.BRCAproteinsarerequiredforthemaintenanceofreplicationforkstabilityfollowingtreatment withchemotherapeuticssuchascisplatin,aDNAcross-likingagentwidelyusedforcancertreatment.Replication forkscanreversetoaidtherepairofDNAdamageinducedbychemotherapeuticsandBRCAproteinsarekey to protecting the reversed structures from nucleolytic degradation. In absence of BRCA, reversed replication forksareextensivelydegradedbynucleases,leadingtochemosensitivity.However,themolecularbasisofthe DNA-damaging drug sensitivity inBRCA-mutant tumors remainunclear. Defining these mechanisms is crucial forbasicresearchtoinformandimprovecurrentclinicaloncologyregimensbasedonDNAreplicationinhibitors. Most studies focus on the analysis of replication perturbations following a single-dose treatment. For the first time,weinvestigatedreplicationforkperturbationsinBRCA1-deficientcellstreatedwithcisplatin24hoursafter pre-exposure to this drug. Our preliminary data challenge the dogma that DNA-damaging drug sensitivity originatesfromtheextendedreplicationforkdegradationphenotypeobservedafterasingle-dosetreatmentin BRCA1-deficient cells. We found that fork degradation is no longer detectable when using multiple cisplatin doses.ThiseffectdependsontheoverexpressionandDNAprimaseactivityofthePrimPolpolymerase.Based on this premise, we hypothesize that a PrimPol-dependent pathway rescues replication fork degradation followingmultipleroundsofcisplatintreatmentandmodulatescisplatinsensitivityinBRCA1-deficientcells.We alsopositthatcancercellrelianceonforkreprimingisenhancedunderanyconditionthatleadstoreversedfork degradation?e.g.,BRCA1orBRCA2proteindeficiency.
Aim 1 will define the function of the dual enzymatic activity of PrimPol in replication fork stability in BRCA1- deficientcellsfollowingtreatmentwithmultiplecisplatindoses.
Aim2 willdeterminewhetherPrimPol-mediated repriming rescues fork degradation by suppressing fork reversal, which would otherwise lead to extensive nascentstranddegradationinBRCA-mutants.
Aim3 willdeterminetheimpactofthecisplatin-inducedPrimPol overexpressionongenomicinstabilityandBRCA1-deficentcancercellviability.Thiswillbeachievedbyusinga unique combination of single-molecule DNA replication and electron microscopy approaches available in our laboratory.ThesestudieswillestablishanewparadigmforthePrimPolpolymeraseinreplicationforkprotection and genomic stability. They will also introduce the novel concept that multiple-drug doses need to be used to fully understand how cells respond to chemotherapeutics, and they will offer new insights for the treatment of BRCA-mutantcancerpatientsbytargetingthePrimPol-dependentpathway.

Public Health Relevance

This project will address fundamental questions about a novel mechanism by which individualswithBRCAgenemutationsmaintaintheirgenome.Specifically,weidentifiedthePrimPol-dependent repriming pathway as a novel important regulator of genome stability and as a factor that might influence sensitivitytoDNAdamagingchemotherapy,particularlyinBRCA-mutanttumors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01CA237263-01
Application #
9712130
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Oberdoerffer, Philipp
Project Start
2019-02-15
Project End
2019-07-31
Budget Start
2019-02-15
Budget End
2019-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Saint Louis University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
050220722
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63103