Smokers generally have lower body weights than non-smokes and tend to gain weight after smoking cessation. The weight gain that occurs when smokers quit is a major reason many smokers give for not abstaining and is a significant cause of smoking relapse following cessation. This proposal is designed to investigate which aspects of the energy balance equation--caloric intake or expenditure--are involved in nicotine's effects on body weight. The focus will involve both the chronic effects of smoking status and the acute effects of nicotine on caloric intake, including perceived appetite, caloric consumption, satiety, and taste sensitivity and preference, and on caloric expenditure, including leisure time activity and fatigue, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and diet- and activity-induced thermogenesis (DIT, AIT). Study I will examine differences between 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers in reported daily food intake, ratings of sensitivity and preference for graded samples of sweet, salty, sour and bitter food, caloric consumption during a standard meal, and appetite and satiety ratings before and after the meal. This study will also investigate nicotine's effects on appetite and taste sensitivity and peference ratings by comparing smokers' ratings before and after receiving 1 mg. nicotine via inhalation with those before and after receiving placebo. Study II will examine the dose-response and cumulative effects of nicotine on RMR by presenting during 3 separate sessions 0 mg. (placebo), 1 mg., or 2 mg. nicotine every 30 minutes for 2 1/2 hours (5 presentations) to each of 20 smokers. Study III will investigate differences between 80 smokers and 40 non-smokers in RMR and DIT by presenting a caloric load or water, and will examine the acute effects of nicotine on RMR and DIT in smokers by administering nicotine or placebo following the caloric load or water. Nicotine's effect on DIT may relate to the efficiency of caloric storage in smokers. Finally, Study IV will investigate differences between 80 smokers and 40 non-smokers in reported leisure time activity and in AIT, and will examine in smokers the acute effects of nicotine on AIT and fatigue during a lighit workload. Nicotine's effect on AIT may indicate whether the caloric expenditure of daily activities is increased when performed while smoking. The results of these studies may offer directions for future research in the development of adjunct treatment for smoking cessation to prevent weight gain and thus reduce the likelihood of smoking relapse.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA004174-05
Application #
3209431
Study Section
Drug Abuse Clinical and Behavioral Research Review Committee (DACB)
Project Start
1986-07-01
Project End
1994-07-31
Budget Start
1990-08-01
Budget End
1991-07-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
1990
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
053785812
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Creswell, Kasey G; Cheng, Yu; Levine, Michele D (2015) A test of the stress-buffering model of social support in smoking cessation: is the relationship between social support and time to relapse mediated by reduced withdrawal symptoms? Nicotine Tob Res 17:566-71
Emery, Rebecca L; Levine, Michele D; Cheng, Yu et al. (2015) Change in Body Weight Does Not Mediate the Relationship Between Exercise and Smoking Cessation Among Weight-Concerned Women Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 17:1142-8
Levine, Michele D; Cheng, Yu; Kalarchian, Melissa A et al. (2012) Dietary intake after smoking cessation among weight-concerned women smokers. Psychol Addict Behav 26:969-73
Okun, Michele L; Levine, Michele D; Houck, Patricia et al. (2011) Subjective sleep disturbance during a smoking cessation program: associations with relapse. Addict Behav 36:861-4
Levine, Michele D; Perkins, Kenneth A; Kalarchian, Melissa A et al. (2010) Bupropion and cognitive behavioral therapy for weight-concerned women smokers. Arch Intern Med 170:543-50
Qin, Li; Weissfeld, Lisa A; Shen, Changyu et al. (2009) A Two-Latent-Class Model for Smoking Cessation Data with Informative Dropouts. Commun Stat Theory Methods 38:2604-2619
Levine, Michele D; Marcus, Marsha D; Leon-Verdin, MaGuadalupe (2008) Similarities in affect, perceived stress, and weight concerns between Black and White women who quit smoking during pregnancy. Nicotine Tob Res 10:1543-8
Levine, Michele D; Kalarchian, Melissa A; Courcoulas, Anita P et al. (2007) History of smoking and postcessation weight gain among weight loss surgery candidates. Addict Behav 32:2365-71
Saules, Karen K; Levine, Michele D; Marcus, Marsha D et al. (2007) Differences in smoking patterns among women smokers with childhood versus later onset of weight problems. Eat Behav 8:418-22
Levine, Michele D; Marcus, Marsha D; Kalarchian, Melissa A et al. (2006) Weight concerns affect motivation to remain abstinent from smoking postpartum. Ann Behav Med 32:147-53

Showing the most recent 10 out of 48 publications