The number of new heroin users and problems associated with heroin use have increased steadily over the past several years. Methadone maintenance is currently the most effective treatment for opioid dependence but it has limitations and is controversial. An alternate pharmacological strategy, naltrexone maintenance, has currently limited usefulness due to poor compliance and low patient acceptability. Improved treatment approaches, including novel medication as well as pharmacological and behavioral augmentation strategies for naltrexone are greatly needed. Preclinical studies and preliminary clinical observations support the use of NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of opioid dependence. These compounds inhibit drug-conditioned responses that play a role in relapse, reduce opiate self-administration, and attenuate opiate withdrawal in laboratory animals. In humans, NMDA receptor antagonists reduce signs and symptoms associated with opiate withdrawal, and reduce subjective effects of heroin and heroin craving. The goal of this five-year study is to test the efficacy of memantine (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist) as an adjunct to the maintenance treatment with naltrexone in detoxified heroin-dependent individuals. In the proposed trial, one hundred and sixty five heroin-dependent patients who completed detoxification will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions (1) Naltrexone + Placebo;(2) Naltrexone + Memantine 30 mg bid, and (3) Naltrexone + Memantine 60 mg bid (N=55 per group). Naltrexone will be dispensed three times per week in the clinic, while memantine or placebo will be taken at home. In addition, patients will receive twice weekly psychosocial intervention that will include motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention. The goal of psychosocial intervention is to improve compliance with medication and maintain abstinence. A double-blind trial will last twelve weeks with assessments at baseline and at each appointment three times per week. Repeated assessments will also be completed one, two, and three months following the end of treatment. Primary outcome measures will be retention in treatment by the end of the study and heroin abstinence in the final four weeks prior to study endpoint. The primary aim is to test the efficacy of memantine in reducing early attrition and improving outcome in opioid-dependent individuals maintained on naltrexone.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA015822-05
Application #
7564073
Study Section
Human Development Research Subcommittee (NIDA)
Program Officer
Montoya, Ivan
Project Start
2005-02-15
Project End
2010-12-31
Budget Start
2009-01-01
Budget End
2010-12-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$555,581
Indirect Cost
Name
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
167204994
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Mogali, Shanthi; Khan, Nabil A; Drill, Esther S et al. (2015) Baseline characteristics of patients predicting suitability for rapid naltrexone induction. Am J Addict 24:258-64
Bisaga, Adam; Sullivan, Maria A; Glass, Andrew et al. (2014) A placebo-controlled trial of memantine as an adjunct to injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 46:546-52
Mariani, John J; Cheng, Wendy Y; Bisaga, Adam et al. (2011) Comparison of clinical trial recruitment populations: treatment-seeking characteristics of opioid-, cocaine-, and cannabis-using participants. J Subst Abuse Treat 40:426-30
Bisaga, Adam; Sullivan, Maria A; Cheng, Wendy Y et al. (2011) A placebo controlled trial of memantine as an adjunct to oral naltrexone for opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 119:e23-9