The readily available energy and pleasant taste of sugars make them potent contributors to the obesity epidemic. We have studied the neurobiology of reward-related feeding and propose to examine interactions between opioids, neuropeptides involved in sweet taste consumption, and oxytocin and melanocortins, which are associated with meal termination. The circuitry of these interactions includes the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei, and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Our hypothesis is that over-consumption of sweet foods/fluids occurs, in part, due to opioid-controlled inhibition of circuitry responsible for the termination of feeding, including oxytocin and alpha-MSH containing pathways. To test this hypothesis we propose: 1) To determine whether the hyperphagia associated with ingestion of sweet diets involves inhibition of oxytocin and alpha-MSH neurons in the PVN and ARC respectively; and 2) To determine whether PVN and CeA opioid receptors participate in sweet diet-induced hyperphagia by inhibiting termination of consumption (alpha-MSH to oxytocin) in response to acute versus chronic intake of rewarding diets rich in sugars. We will study the activation of neurons involved in the terminal portion of the meal (alpha-MSH to oxytocin) in response to acute versus chronic intake of diets rich in sugars. We speculate that orexigenic doses of an opioid receptor agonist will decrease activation of hypophagia- mediating alpha-MSH and oxytocin neurons. Similarly, acute exposure to a sweet palatable ingestant (which results in a modest level of intake compared to that observed during prolonged experience with an ingestant) leads to more robust activity within this pathway. These studies will help identify potential targets, both anatomical and neurochemical, which are involved in regulating ingestion of sweet fluids and/or diets and has important implications for obesity. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA021280-02
Application #
7419014
Study Section
Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, and Behavior Study Section (NNB)
Program Officer
Lin, Geraline
Project Start
2007-05-01
Project End
2012-04-30
Budget Start
2008-05-01
Budget End
2009-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$286,958
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Singh, Anamika; Dirain, Marvin L; Wilczynski, Andrzej et al. (2014) Synthesis, biophysical, and pharmacological evaluation of the melanocortin agonist AST3-88: modifications of peptide backbone at Trp 7 position lead to a potent, selective, and stable ligand of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). ACS Chem Neurosci 5:1020-31
Stice, Eric; Figlewicz, Dianne P; Gosnell, Blake A et al. (2013) The contribution of brain reward circuits to the obesity epidemic. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:2047-58
Mitra, Anaya; Klockars, Anica; Gosnell, Blake A et al. (2012) Expression levels of genes encoding melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and MCH receptor change in taste aversion, but MCH injections do not alleviate aversive responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100:581-6
Schwinkendorf, D R; Tsatsos, N G; Gosnell, B A et al. (2011) Effects of central administration of distinct fatty acids on hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and energy metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 35:336-44
Almen, Markus Sallman; Jacobsson, Josefin A; Shaik, Jafar H A et al. (2010) The obesity gene, TMEM18, is of ancient origin, found in majority of neuronal cells in all major brain regions and associated with obesity in severely obese children. BMC Med Genet 11:58
Olszewski, Pawel K; Klockars, Anica; Schiƶth, Helgi B et al. (2010) Oxytocin as feeding inhibitor: maintaining homeostasis in consummatory behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 97:47-54
Mitra, Anaya; Gosnell, Blake A; Schioth, Helgi B et al. (2010) Chronic sugar intake dampens feeding-related activity of neurons synthesizing a satiety mediator, oxytocin. Peptides 31:1346-52
Olszewski, Pawel K; Klockars, Anica; Olszewska, Agnieszka M et al. (2010) Molecular, immunohistochemical, and pharmacological evidence of oxytocin's role as inhibitor of carbohydrate but not fat intake. Endocrinology 151:4736-44
Olszewski, Pawel K; Grace, Martha K; Fard, Shahrzad Shirazi et al. (2010) Central nociceptin/orphanin FQ system elevates food consumption by both increasing energy intake and reducing aversive responsiveness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299:R655-63
Gosnell, Blake A; Mitra, Anaya; Avant, Ross A et al. (2010) Operant responding for sucrose by rats bred for high or low saccharin consumption. Physiol Behav 99:529-33

Showing the most recent 10 out of 15 publications