Nicotine has been shown to affect GABAergic function in the brain. In rats, nicotine increases GABA release acutely, and human and animal studies have implicated the GABAergic system in the acquisition and maintenance of nicotine addiction. Transient increases in levels of human cortical GABA levels have been observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with nicotine administration in preliminary studies in humans. Furthermore, nicotine has been seen to elevate brain GABA synthesis 2-4 fold in human brain. Knowing the effects of acute nicotine administration on brain GABA may provide insight into the interaction of tobacco smoking with prevalent disorders that are known to involve the GABAergic system, such as depression and alcoholism. This project may also provide further information about why it is so hard for some people to stop smoking. It has been shown that menstrual cycle related changes in brain GABA levels are abolished by smoking, and that men and women have some different responses to nicotine, so this project will also explore gender-based differences in GABAergic responses in the human brain. Several questions will be answered: 1) Does acute nicotine administration increase brain GABA? 2) How long does it take brain GABA to return to pre-nicotine levels? 3) Does nicotine increase GABA synthesis? 4) Does gender affect nicotine-induced changes in brain GABA levels and rates of synthesis? The concentration and rates of synthesis of brain GABA will be measured in 40 healthy smokers (20 men, 20 women) after overnight abstinence from smoking. The measurements will be conducted twice, once with a nicotine inhaler, and once with a placebo inhaler. Exclusion criteria will include current neuropsychiatric disorders, or a recent history of such.

Public Health Relevance

This work will establish what changes in GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex are associated with nicotine and some of the subjective feelings that people experience with nicotine. The outcomes may help to explain why some of the newer drug-based smoking cessation approaches are effective and guide the development of new approaches. The results may also contribute to our understanding of why depressed people and patients with alcohol dependence have a greater likelihood of addiction to tobacco.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA021785-03
Application #
8013571
Study Section
Neural Basis of Psychopathology, Addictions and Sleep Disorders Study Section (NPAS)
Program Officer
Kautz, Mary A
Project Start
2009-01-15
Project End
2013-11-30
Budget Start
2010-12-01
Budget End
2011-11-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$357,593
Indirect Cost
Name
Yale University
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
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