This revision of a competitive renewal seeks to continue our innovative and highly productive research program which has the goal of understanding the etiology, consequences and causes of desistance of drug use disorders (DUD) utilizing data available on the entire population of Sweden of unparalleled completeness and depth. We have eight specific aims which focus on the etiology and course and consequences of DUD.
These aims are: i) to develop a structural equation (SEM) based approach to co-relative analyses and then apply it to critical risk factors for DUD available in Sweden, permitting a more rigorous assessment than hitherto possible of the degree to which risk factor-DUD associations are due to familial confounding versus causal effects; ii) to examine how strongly DUD is predicted by measures of IQ and personality at age 18 available on ~ 97% of all Swedish males born 1951-1975 and to clarify the degree to which these associations are likely causal; iii) to explore the similarity and differences in risk factors for UD and smoking in over 1.2 million fertile women for whom smoking status is available as part of nurse-midwife's reports; iv) to explore how factors related to immigration, with a focus on macro-level contextual characteristics (i.e., residential segregation), impact risk for DUD among first and second generation immigrants to Sweden using analytical Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods; v) to clarify how risk factors for DUD vary by gender using discordant opposite-sex relative pairs and the degree to which these risk factors are specific to DUD versus shared with other key externalizing syndromes of alcohol use disorders and crime; vi) to develop a comprehensive SEM for DUD in adoptees, twins, siblings, half-siblings, and typical, not-lived-with and step- parents that will permit joint estimation of four sources of familial-environmental effects, to examine developmental dynamics in the genetic and environmental risk factors for DUD from adolescence to middle age utilizing a longitudinal twin-sibling design and to clarify key mediating mechanisms from distal to more proximal risk factors by constructing a phenotypic-developmental SEM model for DUD that incorporates a wide array of genetic and environmental risk factors; vii) to develop longitudinal models to clarify the social, psychiatric and medical consequences of DUD using co-relative designs to control for familial confounding and viii) to explore the predictors of desistance from DUD on both the latent and specified risk factor level and clarify the causal nature of these associations via co-relative designs. We will use comprehensive data from multiple nationwide data sources in Sweden on 11.8 million men and women to accomplish these goals. Applying the deep expertise of our research groups at Virginia Commonwealth and Lund University in drug abuse research, social and genetic epidemiology and causal modeling to a uniquely powerful sample, we expect this study to have important implications for DUD research, prevention and policy.

Public Health Relevance

This project seeks to clarify how genes and environment impact on the etiology, course and consequences of drug abuse. To accomplish this goal, we will apply advanced statistical methods to a unique set of epidemiological resources available in the country of Sweden. The findings will be relevant to the US and other developed countries, with potential impacts on prevention, treatment and policy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA030005-09
Application #
9627961
Study Section
Behavioral Genetics and Epidemiology Study Section (BGES)
Program Officer
Weinberg, Naimah Z
Project Start
2016-04-01
Project End
2021-01-31
Budget Start
2019-02-01
Budget End
2020-01-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
Kendler, Kenneth S; Ohlsson, Henrik; Sundquist, Kristina et al. (2018) Sources of Parent-Child Transmission of Drug Abuse: Path Analyses of Not-Lived-With Parental, Stepparental, Triparental, and Adoptive Families. J Nerv Ment Dis 206:239-244
Kendler, Kenneth S; Ohlsson, Henrik; Fagan, Abigail A et al. (2018) Academic Achievement and Drug Abuse Risk Assessed Using Instrumental Variable Analysis and Co-relative Designs. JAMA Psychiatry 75:1182-1188
Kendler, Kenneth S; Ohlsson, Henrik; Bacanu, Silviu et al. (2018) The risk for drug abuse, alcohol use disorder, and psychosocial dysfunction in offspring from high-density pedigrees: its moderation by personal, family, and community factors. Mol Psychiatry :
Salvatore, Jessica E; Larsson Lönn, Sara; Sundquist, Jan et al. (2018) Genetics, the Rearing Environment, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce: A Swedish National Adoption Study. Psychol Sci 29:370-378
Kendler, K S; Ohlsson, H; Sundquist, K et al. (2018) Prediction of drug abuse recurrence: a Swedish National Study. Psychol Med 48:1367-1374
Kendler, K S; Ohlsson, H; Keefe, R S E et al. (2018) The joint impact of cognitive performance in adolescence and familial cognitive aptitude on risk for major psychiatric disorders: a delineation of four potential pathways to illness. Mol Psychiatry 23:1076-1083
Edwards, Alexis C; Larsson Lönn, Sara; Sundquist, Jan et al. (2018) Associations Between Divorce and Onset of Drug Abuse in a Swedish National Sample. Am J Epidemiol 187:1010-1018
Kendler, Kenneth S; Ohlsson, Henrik; Sundquist, Jan et al. (2018) Familial transmission of externalizing syndromes in extended Swedish families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 177:308-318
Sundquist, Jan; Ohlsson, Henrik; Sundquist, Kristina et al. (2017) Common adult psychiatric disorders in Swedish primary care where most mental health patients are treated. BMC Psychiatry 17:235
Kendler, Kenneth S; Ohlsson, Henrik; Svikis, Dace S et al. (2017) The Protective Effect of Pregnancy on Risk for Drug Abuse: A Population, Co-Relative, Co-Spouse, and Within-Individual Analysis. Am J Psychiatry 174:954-962

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