A large proportion of individuals with alcohol and illicit drug abuse and dependence in the community also have mental disorders and, vice versa, a large proportion of individuals with various mental disorders also have substance disorders. Nevertheless, the majority of these individuals do not seek treatment. Even among those who receive treatment the outcomes of treatment for comorbid disorders are often worse than for non-comorbid mental or substance disorders. However, we know very little about the types of services that these individuals use or their unmet need for treatment. We also do not know whether they face the same barriers to accessing services as individuals with non-comorbid mental or substance disorders. If we are to improve these individuals'access to appropriate mental health and substance disorder services we have to learn more about their service use patterns, their unmet needs and the barriers they face in accessing services. In the proposed project we plan to use two sources of data from large and recent nationally representative surveys of the US general population to obtain this much needed information. We will use data from the longitudinal National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) waves 1 and 2, and the annual cross-sectional National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) for years 2004-2008. These data provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine service use and barriers to care in population subgroups (e.g., racial minorities) that could not be adequately examined in previous studies due to small sample sizes.
In Aim 1 of the study we examine patterns of service use and compare participants in these surveys with comorbid and non-comorbid disorders to determine whether they use the same types, mix or amount of mental health or substance disorder services. We also compare these groups regarding perceived unmet need for care.
In Aim 2 we compare the comorbid and non- comorbid groups regarding the types and prevalence of specific reasons given for not using needed services and compare the reasons for not using mental health vs. substance disorder services. We capitalize on the longitudinal design of the NESARC data to assess whether some reasons are more persistent than others over time and whether some reasons are more strongly associated with not using services at a future time than other reasons.
In Aim 3 also we use the longitudinal NESARC data to assess whether use of certain services or a certain mix of services at baseline is associated with a greater reduction in use of substances, abstinence or better social functioning at follow-up. We will also examine the effects of race-ethnicity and gender in these analyses. Beyond their scientific merits, the results from this study will be helpful in designing services that are more responsive to the needs of patients with comorbid mental and substance disorders. The data will also help in designing public campaigns that aim to improve access to services by reducing the stigma and other attitudinal and structural barriers to care.

Public Health Relevance

The majority of individuals with comorbid mental and substance disorders do not seek treatment and among those who do seek treatment, the outcomes of treatment are often worse than for non-comorbid disorders. To help improve access to services and outcome of care for this group of individuals this study will use data from two large US epidemiological surveys to answer three questions: (1) whether individuals with comorbid disorders use the same types, amount and mix of services as those with non- comorbid disorders and whether they experience the same degree of unmet need;(2) whether individuals with comorbid disorders face the same barriers to mental health and substance disorder services as those with non-comorbid disorders and which barriers are more persistent and cause greater hindrance;and (3) whether a certain type or mix of services is associated with better clinical and social outcomes in individuals with comorbid disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA030460-03
Application #
8301802
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-PSE-J (50))
Program Officer
Duffy, Sarah Q
Project Start
2010-09-15
Project End
2014-08-31
Budget Start
2012-09-01
Budget End
2014-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$238,620
Indirect Cost
$93,120
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Sung, Yoon-kyu; La Flair, Lareina N; Mojtabai, Ramin et al. (2016) The Association of Alcohol Use Disorders with Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in a Population-Based Sample with Mood Symptoms. Arch Suicide Res 20:219-32
Schuler, Megan S; Puttaiah, Savitha; Mojtabai, Ramin et al. (2015) Perceived Barriers to Treatment for Alcohol Problems: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychiatr Serv 66:1221-8
Crum, Rosa M; Mojtabai, Ramin; Sareen, Jitender (2014) Does self-medication predict the persistence or rather the recurrence of alcohol dependence?--reply. JAMA Psychiatry 71:205-6
Kaufmann, Christopher N; Chen, Lian-Yu; Crum, Rosa M et al. (2014) Treatment seeking and barriers to treatment for alcohol use in persons with alcohol use disorders and comorbid mood or anxiety disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49:1489-99
Mojtabai, Ramin; Chen, Lian-Yu; Kaufmann, Christopher N et al. (2014) Comparing barriers to mental health treatment and substance use disorder treatment among individuals with comorbid major depression and substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 46:268-73
Mojtabai, Ramin; Crum, Rosa M (2013) Perceived unmet need for alcohol and drug use treatments and future use of services: results from a longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 127:59-64
Cullen, Bernadette A; La Flair, Lareina N; Storr, Carla L et al. (2013) Association of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder symptoms with health-related quality of life: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Addict Med 7:394-400
Chen, Lian-Yu; Strain, Eric C; Crum, Rosa M et al. (2013) Gender differences in substance abuse treatment and barriers to care among persons with substance use disorders with and without comorbid major depression. J Addict Med 7:325-34
Crum, Rosa M; La Flair, Lareina; Storr, Carla L et al. (2013) Reports of drinking to self-medicate anxiety symptoms: longitudinal assessment for subgroups of individuals with alcohol dependence. Depress Anxiety 30:174-83
Crum, Rosa M; Mojtabai, Ramin; Lazareck, Samuel et al. (2013) A prospective assessment of reports of drinking to self-medicate mood symptoms with the incidence and persistence of alcohol dependence. JAMA Psychiatry 70:718-26

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