Opiate analgesics act at the mu opioid receptor (MOR) in humans to alleviate pain. However, this receptor is also the means by which these drugs produce unwanted effects such as constipation, dependence and addiction. The overall potency and efficacy of an agonist at the receptor may be determined not only by how well the drug binds the receptor but also by how well the receptor engages with intracellular signaling proteins, such as arrestin2. Our studies over the last decade have led us to hypothesize that if a drug could activate the MOR yet not induce arrestin2 interactions with the receptor, then such a drug might be an efficacious analgesic with limited side effects, producing less tolerance, dependence and constipation. Based on our extensive studies of arrestin regulation of MOR, we believe that the ideal opioid agonist would have little to no efficacy for recruiting arrestin2 while having full efficacy for G protein coupling or other cellular signaling pathways. In this proposal, we will pharmacologically characterize and optimize compounds from a small molecule library representing four distinct scaffolds. These compounds have been synthesized by Dr. Thomas Bannister, an experienced medicinal chemist at Scripps Florida who has previously worked in the pharmaceutical industry generating, among many drug candidates, analgesics based on fentanyl. Our preliminary data shows that we have agonists that possess partial to full efficacy (relative to the enkephalin analog, DAMGO) in G protein coupling, ERK activation, and cellular impedance assays. Remarkably, most of these analogs do not recruit arrestin2, even under conditions that favor MOR-arrestin interactions. In this multidisciplinary study, the Bohn pharmacology laboratory will work in a highly collaborative manner with the Bannister medicinal chemistry laboratory to generate and optimize multiple derivatives on these 4 scaffolds (Aim 1). We will use several cell-based assays to characterize the signaling parameters induced by these compounds with the goal of finding opiates that possess high efficacy in signaling cascades yet produce no arrestin2 coupling to MOR (Aim 2). Such compounds will be tested in mouse models to determine if their signaling properties correlate with their ability to produce analgesia with fewer side effects (Aim 3). Finally, in collaboration with Dr. Michael Cameron of Scripps Florida, we will evaluate the DMPK properties of our best candidate compounds. The information garnered from this proposal will prove useful in the future development of clinical pain relievers with limited side effects.

Public Health Relevance

The opiate narcotics, including Oxycontin, Percocet, Vicodin and Morphine are highly effective for managing pain yet produce several unwanted side effects ranging from constipation and tolerance to physical dependence and addiction. In mice, eliminating the protein arrestin2 prevents many of these side effects while enhancing analgesic properties of morphine. This proposal contains the identification of 4 new chemical scaffolds that may fundamentally differ from these proven analgesics in that while the bind to the same receptor as morphine, they do so in a manner that does not involve the arrestin protein. These compounds may represent an innovative way to control pain without side effects. Our collaborative goal is to fully characterize, optimize and develop these novel drugs to generate potent analgesics with limited side effects.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
4R01DA033073-05
Application #
9012048
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MDCN-C (56))
Program Officer
Rapaka, Rao
Project Start
2012-02-15
Project End
2017-01-31
Budget Start
2016-02-01
Budget End
2017-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$630,366
Indirect Cost
$311,999
Name
Scripps Florida
Department
Type
DUNS #
148230662
City
Jupiter
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33458
Kennedy, Nicole M; Schmid, Cullen L; Ross, Nicolette C et al. (2018) Optimization of a Series of Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) Agonists with High G Protein Signaling Bias. J Med Chem 61:8895-8907
Hirasawa, Shun; Cho, Min; Brust, Tarsis F et al. (2018) O6C-20-nor-salvinorin A is a stable and potent KOR agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 28:2770-2772
Schmid, Cullen L; Kennedy, Nicole M; Ross, Nicolette C et al. (2017) Bias Factor and Therapeutic Window Correlate to Predict Safer Opioid Analgesics. Cell 171:1165-1175.e13
Rankovic, Zoran; Brust, Tarsis F; Bohn, Laura M (2016) Biased agonism: An emerging paradigm in GPCR drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26:241-250
Bohn, Laura M; Zhou, Lei; Ho, Jo-Hao (2015) Approaches to Assess Functional Selectivity in GPCRs: Evaluating G Protein Signaling in an Endogenous Environment. Methods Mol Biol 1335:177-89
Luttrell, Louis M; Maudsley, Stuart; Bohn, Laura M (2015) Fulfilling the Promise of ""Biased"" G Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonism. Mol Pharmacol 88:579-88
Raehal, Kirsten M; Bohn, Laura M (2014) ?-arrestins: regulatory role and therapeutic potential in opioid and cannabinoid receptor-mediated analgesia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 219:427-43
Zhou, Lei; Bohn, Laura M (2014) Functional selectivity of GPCR signaling in animals. Curr Opin Cell Biol 27:102-8