Guided by a social ecological framework, this application will consider individual-level risk factors (e.g., depressive symptoms) and the influence of social (e.g., partner/peer behaviors) and environmental (e.g., life stress) factors on changes in substance use in US Reserve Soldiers. Substance abuse is the most common health problem among veterans1 and substance use is linked to trauma, either in combat5 or at home.2 These issues are of heightened concern among the Reserve as they have more drinking problems5 and interpersonal conflict relative to active duty soldiers post-deployment.6 With more than half of the Military currently married, 1 it is important to examine the potential o a Reservist to influence, or be influenced, by his/her partner. Our previous research, 2-6 and that of others, 7-10 provides evidence that partner influences are powerful predictors of positive or negative changes in health. We also have found that peer networks are involved in changes in alcohol use among adults11 and that substance use shapes the peer network.12 Social/environmental influences may be particularly salient for Reservists and their partners as social networks change during deployments. These experiences are likely to strengthen the influence of a peer group, particularly if fellow soldiers are within one's peer networks post-deployment. Thus, the proposed study will examine individual and broader social environmental influences (e.g., relationship, community, and societal) on the association between stress and substance use for Reservists and their partners. Using a multi-wave design, Reservists and their partners (N = 400 couples) will be assessed 3 times over 2 years (i.e., baseline, Year 1, Year 2). Participants will be assessed using state-of-the-science Touch Screen Audio Enabled Computer Assisted Interviews. Using advanced longitudinal analyses (e.g., multilevel and GEE models), this proposal will examine: 1) changes in substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs) over time in Reserve Soldiers and their partners on the basis of individual (e.g., depressive symptoms), relationship (e.g., partner and peer substance use), community (e.g., workplace/deployments) and societal (e.g., norms) factors; 2) the relation between stress/trauma (e.g., combat exposure/life stress) and substance use; and 3) how the integration of substance use into the relationship impacts marital aggression and dissolution. Importantly, each member of the couple will provide independent data. The proposed study is innovative in: 1) its focus on individual, partner, and peer influences; 2) its focus on Reservists and their partners; and 3) the application of an adapted social ecological model to a Reservist population. The proposed study is significant because it will add to our limited knowledge about the social (e.g., partner/peer influences) and environmental (e.g., stress/trauma) risk factors for substance use that are faced by Reservists. The knowledge gained from this conceptually and methodologically rigorous study will enhance the development of effective secondary prevention and intervention strategies to address the complex issues faced by military couples.

Public Health Relevance

Problematic substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs) among the US military is of great concern and there evidence that Reserve Soldiers appear to disproportionally shoulder the burden compared to other service members. Understanding the complex relation between substance use, stress/trauma (e.g., combat exposure), and family functioning (e.g., marital aggression) can be helpful for reducing negative impact and improving the health of Reserve Soldiers and their partners.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DA034072-04S1
Application #
9271344
Study Section
Psychosocial Development, Risk and Prevention Study Section (PDRP)
Program Officer
Schulden, Jeffrey D
Project Start
2013-06-01
Project End
2018-02-28
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
State University of New York at Buffalo
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Sch Allied Health Professions
DUNS #
038633251
City
Amherst
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14228
Heavey, Sarah Cercone; Burstein, Gale; Moore, Cheryll et al. (2018) Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Program Attendees: Who Attends, What Do They Know, and How Do They Feel? J Public Health Manag Pract 24:63-68
Hoopsick, Rachel A; Homish, D Lynn; Vest, Bonnie M et al. (2018) Alcohol Use Among Never-Deployed U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers: The Effects of Nondeployment Emotions and Sex. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 42:2413-2422
Vest, Bonnie M; Homish, D Lynn; Fillo, Jennifer et al. (2018) Military status and alcohol problems: Former soldiers may be at greater risk. Addict Behav 84:139-143
Fillo, Jennifer; Heavey, Sarah Cercone; Homish, D Lynn et al. (2018) Deployment-Related Military Sexual Trauma Predicts Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Problems Among Male Reserve and National Guard Soldiers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 42:111-119
Vest, Bonnie M; Heavey, Sarah Cercone; Homish, D Lynn et al. (2018) Alcohol Misuse in Reserve Soldiers and their Partners: Cross-Spouse Effects of Deployment and Combat Exposure. Subst Use Misuse 53:800-807
Heavey, Sarah Cercone; Delmerico, Alan M; Burstein, Gale et al. (2018) Descriptive Epidemiology for Community-wide Naloxone Administration by Police Officers and Firefighters Responding to Opioid Overdose. J Community Health 43:304-311
Vest, Bonnie M; Hoopsick, Rachel A; Homish, D Lynn et al. (2018) Childhood trauma, combat trauma, and substance use in National Guard and reserve soldiers. Subst Abus :1-9
Vest, Bonnie M; Homish, D Lynn; Hoopsick, Rachel A et al. (2018) What drives the relationship between combat and alcohol problems in soldiers? The roles of perception and marriage. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 53:413-420
Hoopsick, R A; Vest, B M; Homish, D L et al. (2018) Combat exposure, emotional and physical role limitations, and substance use among male United States Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers. Qual Life Res 27:137-147
Kozlowski, Lynn T; Homish, D Lynn; Homish, Gregory G (2017) Daily users compared to less frequent users find vape as or more satisfying and less dangerous than cigarettes, and are likelier to use non-cig-alike vaping products. Prev Med Rep 6:111-114

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