General medical hospitals provide care for a disproportionate share of patients who abuse or are dependent upon substances. This group is among the most costly to treat and has the poorest medical and substance use outcomes. Hospitalization provides a unique opportunity to identify and motivate patients to address their substance use problems in that patients are: 1) accessible;2) have time for an intervention;and 3) are often admitted for complications related to substance use that renders hospitalization a """"""""teachable moment"""""""". Brief interventions that increase motivation for substance abuse treatment are well suited for an inpatient medical setting but optimal methods for the implementation of such interventions are not well researched. We propose to use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the effectiveness of three different implementation strategies for integrating motivational interviewing (MI) into the practice of physician assistants (PAs) working within Yale-New Haven Hospital's general medical hospitalist service. Specifically, we will randomize 30 PAs to one of three conditions: (1) a continuing medical education workshop that provides background and """"""""shows"""""""" PAs how to conduct MI (the control condition, called SEE ONE);(2) a """"""""see one, do one"""""""" apprenticeship model involving workshop training plus live supervision of bedside practice (DO ONE);and (3) ordering MI from CL after learning about it in a workshop (ORDER ONE). Following the respective MI trainings, each PA will be assessed for the provision of MI to 40 study-eligible inpatients, recruited by the research team after admission to our general medical units. Implementation issues will be explored qualitatively. Our primary aims are to assess: 1) the uptake of MI by PAs;2) the integrity of MI when PAs use it on the medical units;and 3) the relative costs and cost-effectiveness of the three different implementation strategies.

Public Health Relevance

Brief interventions that increase motivation for substance abuse treatment are well suited for an inpatient medical setting. We propose to use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the effectiveness of three different implementation strategies for integrating motivational interviewing (MI) into the practice of physician assistants (PAs).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA034243-03
Application #
8675818
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDA1)
Program Officer
Wiley, Tisha R A
Project Start
2012-07-01
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Yale University
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06510
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