Opiate abuse and HIV-1 have been described as two linked global health crises, and despite the advent of anti-retroviral therapy, abuse of opiates has been shown to result in increased neurologic and cognitive deficits. Using the morphine-dependent rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with CCR5-utilizing SIVR71/17E we recapitulated the human syndrome demonstrating augmentation of neuropathology & neuroinflammation and rapid disease progression compared with SIV-infected RMs without opiate dependence. Mortality in these rapid progressors was associated with robust microglial activation and neuronal injury. MicroRNA (miR)- mediated regulation of disease pathogenesis represents an evolving area of research that has ramifications for identification of potential therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative disorders for which currently there exists no cure. Herein we hypothesize that morphine & HIV Tat modulate increased neuropathology via two complementary mechanisms: a) Morphine exposed astrocytes upregulate expression & release of miR-138 in the extracellular vesicles (EVs), which, following uptake by the microglia, results in their activation via the TLR7-dependent pathway and, b) HIV Tat exposed astrocytes upregulate expression & release of miR-9 in the EVs, that are taken up by the microglia, leading in turn, to increased microglial migration. Two experienced PIs will join on this project to investigate this hypothesis. The innovative aspects of this proposal are based on our unique observation that in chronically (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques, morphine mediated potentiation of neuropathogenesis correlates with dysregulation of miRs, with specific upregulation of miR-138 & miR-9 in the post mortem brain tissues from SIV and morphine-dependent macaques, respectively. These experiments will be brought full circle with the examination of functional studies to examine the mechanisms uncovered in a rodent model of HIV Tat/morphine exposure. This proposal is responsive to the RFA, focusing on release of EVs in HIV/AIDS and including a drug of abuse (morphine).

Public Health Relevance

Drug abuse among HIV-infected patients poses a major challenge for health care management and one of the hallmark features of opiate abuse is increased microglial activation in the setting of HIV infection. In the proposed project, we will assess molecular pathways by which both HIV and opiates exacerbate disease progression, through release of extracellular bodies carrying RNA (& proteins) for transmission to neighboring cells, thereby propagating disease. These findings could have ramifications for future development of therapeutic interventions for treatment of neuroinflammation in HIV-infected opiate abusers.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DA040397-01
Application #
8987386
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDA1)
Program Officer
Satterlee, John S
Project Start
2015-08-01
Project End
2020-05-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
168559177
City
Omaha
State
NE
Country
United States
Zip Code
68198
Hu, Guoku; Liao, Ke; Niu, Fang et al. (2018) Astrocyte EV-Induced lincRNA-Cox2 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis: Implications for Morphine-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 13:450-463
Yang, Lu; Niu, Fang; Yao, Honghong et al. (2018) Exosomal miR-9 Released from HIV Tat Stimulated Astrocytes Mediates Microglial Migration. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 13:330-344
Sil, Susmita; Niu, Fang; Tom, Eric et al. (2018) Cocaine Mediated Neuroinflammation: Role of Dysregulated Autophagy in Pericytes. Mol Neurobiol :
Hu, Guoku; Yelamanchili, Sowmya; Kashanchi, Fatah et al. (2017) Proceedings of the 2017 ISEV symposium on ""HIV, NeuroHIV, drug abuse, & EVs"". J Neurovirol 23:935-940
Chivero, Ernest T; Guo, Ming-Lei; Periyasamy, Palsamy et al. (2017) HIV-1 Tat Primes and Activates Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation. J Neurosci 37:3599-3609
Ka, Minhan; Kook, Yeon-Hee; Liao, Ke et al. (2016) Transactivation of TrkB by Sigma-1 receptor mediates cocaine-induced changes in dendritic spine density and morphology in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Cell Death Dis 7:e2414
Hu, Guoku; Yang, Lu; Cai, Yu et al. (2016) Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders: focus on HIV-associated neurological complications. Cell Death Dis 7:e2481