The goal of this research is to explore the neural systems underlying two critical aspects of speech and lexical processing: how listeners perceive a stable phonetic percept despite many sources of variability (the object constancy/invariance problem) and how they successfully select the appropriate word candidate from the many words that share sound shape properties (the resolution of phonological competition). One series of experiments will investigate invariance for phonetic categories across vowel environments and different speakers, and invariance for the phonetic feature of voicing across variations in place and manner of articulation and manner of articulation across variations in voice and place of articulation. An fMRI-adaptation paradigm will be used to identify brain regions in the phonetic processing stream that show invariant neural responses under different sources of variability. Invariant neural responses in temporal areas would suggest that phonetic invariance derives from invariant acoustic patterns. Invariant neural responses in frontal areas including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), premotor, and motor areas would suggest that phonetic invariance derives from shared motor/articulatory gestures. Invariant neural responses in parietal areas would suggest that phonetic constancy derives from higher order abstract phonological representations. And invariant neural responses in the IFG in the absence of activation of articulatory areas would suggest that phonetic constancy is determined by decision-related processes. A second series of experiments will investigate the brain regions recruited under conditions of phonological competition. It is hypothesized that the IFG serves a domain general role and hence will be recruited under conditions of phonological competition. However, it is hypothesized that the IFG is not responsive to competition inherent in the phonological properties of the stimulus but is recruited only in the resolution of competition, i.e. when competing representations are activated and a word needs to be selected from among these competing representations. In contrast, it is hypothesized that the SMG is recruited in accessing the lexical form of a word irrespective of selection demands with activation modulated by the degree of phonological competition. Finally, it is proposed that phonological competition recruits the same neural systems in both auditory word recognition and spoken word production. In auditory word recognition, an eyetracking paradigm will be used to investigate onset competition, lexical density, and phonologically mediated competition. In spoken word production, word reading and picture naming paradigms will be used to investigate the production of words with and without voiced competitors, the production of words from high versus low density neighborhoods, and the production of words presented in the same phonological competitor set versus those not in the same competitor set.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research adds to our knowledge of the brain areas involved in the processing of speech and words. The results provide critical baseline data for understanding the bases of such deficits in brain-injured patients with aphasia, for identifying those areas of the brain that may be recruited in recovery processes subsequent to brain injury, and for potentially developing rehabilitative strategies for patients with speech and language deficits. The theoretical approach and methods proposed can be applied to other cognitive systems, providing a means of exploring brain function underlying other cognitive processes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DC006220-09
Application #
8260236
Study Section
Language and Communication Study Section (LCOM)
Program Officer
Cooper, Judith
Project Start
2003-07-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$322,674
Indirect Cost
$119,031
Name
Brown University
Department
Miscellaneous
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
001785542
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02912
Guediche, Sara; Reilly, Megan; Santiago, Carolina et al. (2016) An fMRI study investigating effects of conceptually related sentences on the perception of degraded speech. Cortex 79:57-74
Fox, Neal P; Reilly, Megan; Blumstein, Sheila E (2015) Phonological Neighborhood Competition Affects Spoken Word Production Irrespective of Sentential Context. J Mem Lang 83:97-117
Reilly, M; Machado, N; Blumstein, S E (2015) Hemispheric lateralization of semantic feature distinctiveness. Neuropsychologia 75:99-108
Reilly, Megan; Blumstein, Sheila E (2014) Effect of sound similarity and word position on lexical selection. Lang Cogn Neurosci 29:1325-1341
Blumstein, Sheila E; Amso, Dima (2013) Dynamic Functional Organization of Language: Insights From Functional Neuroimaging. Perspect Psychol Sci 8:44-8
Guediche, Sara; Salvata, Caden; Blumstein, Sheila E (2013) Temporal cortex reflects effects of sentence context on phonetic processing. J Cogn Neurosci 25:706-18
Minicucci, Domenic; Guediche, Sara; Blumstein, Sheila E (2013) An fMRI examination of the effects of acoustic-phonetic and lexical competition on access to the lexical-semantic network. Neuropsychologia 51:1980-8
Salvata, Caden; Blumstein, Sheila E; Myers, Emily B (2012) Speaker Invariance for Phonetic Information: an fMRI Investigation. Lang Cogn Process 27:210-230
Peramunage, Dasun; Blumstein, Sheila E; Myers, Emily B et al. (2011) Phonological neighborhood effects in spoken word production: an fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 23:593-603
Righi, Giulia; Blumstein, Sheila E; Mertus, John et al. (2010) Neural systems underlying lexical competition: an eye tracking and fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 22:213-24

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