Language and communication deficits are one of the hallmarks of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Language delay is often the first concern of parents, and early language abilities are predictive of broader outcomes for children on the autism spectrum. Recent studies have noted that comprehension is relatively more affected than production in young children with ASD, yet little research has focused on this aspect of early language functioning. Contemporary versions of the weak central coherence account suggest that autism is characterized by a cognitive style in which there is a bias towards local or low-level perceptual processing rather than global, integrative processing. This theoretical account yields specific hypotheses regarding early phonological and semantic processing which will be tested in this project. The proposed research will employ implicit eye-gaze paradigms developed to assess real-time comprehension (lexical representations) in typically developing infants and toddlers. A series of five studies are planned to address the following three specific aims: 1) to investigate the hypothesis that toddlers with ASD display a bias towards enhanced perceptual processing in lexical tasks compared to typically developing peers;2) to examine the claim that toddlers with ASD exhibit poorer contextual integration on lexical tasks than typical controls;and 3) to determine whether early phonological and semantic processing abilities predict later language outcomes. A total of 150 toddlers will participate, 75 with ASD and 75 typically developing toddlers matched on parent-reported vocabulary comprehension and sex. A looking-while-listening paradigm will be used in Studies 1-4. Study 5 will involve a 1-year follow-up assessment to examine predictors of language outcomes as well as re-administration of one of the comprehension processing tasks. This research is significant in that it will provide a comprehensive characterization of early lexical processing in toddlers with ASD and provide the first systematic evaluation of whether the weak central coherence account can help explain the early comprehension deficits in this group. Findings will lead to better understanding of the autism phenotype(s) and have direct implications for developing early interventions.

Public Health Relevance

Language and communication deficits are a hallmark of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early comprehension skills are particularly problematic. This research will use real-time eye-gaze techniques (in which eye movements are coded as toddlers look at pictures while listening to words) to investigate word knowledge of toddlers with ASD compared to that of typically developing toddlers. This work will assist in specifying the kinds of problems that young children with ASD have in understanding language and will be useful in developing targeted interventions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DC012513-01A1
Application #
8626851
Study Section
Language and Communication Study Section (LCOM)
Program Officer
Cooper, Judith
Project Start
2014-01-10
Project End
2018-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-10
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$553,221
Indirect Cost
$181,069
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Mahr, Tristan; Edwards, Jan (2018) Using language input and lexical processing to predict vocabulary size. Dev Sci 21:e12685
Venker, Courtney E; Edwards, Jan; Saffran, Jenny R et al. (2018) Thinking Ahead: Incremental Language Processing is Associated with Receptive Language Abilities in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord :
Ellis Weismer, Susan; Haebig, Eileen; Edwards, Jan et al. (2016) Lexical Processing in Toddlers with ASD: Does Weak Central Coherence Play a Role? J Autism Dev Disord 46:3755-3769
Venker, Courtney E; Kover, Sara T; Ellis Weismer, Susan (2016) Brief Report: Fast Mapping Predicts Differences in Concurrent and Later Language Abilities Among Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 46:1118-23
Venker, Courtney E; Haebig, Eileen; Edwards, Jan et al. (2016) Brief Report: Early Lexical Comprehension in Young Children with ASD: Comparing Eye-Gaze Methodology and Parent Report. J Autism Dev Disord 46:2260-2266
Mahr, Tristan; McMillan, Brianna T M; Saffran, Jenny R et al. (2015) Anticipatory coarticulation facilitates word recognition in toddlers. Cognition 142:345-50
Venker, Courtney E; Kover, Sara T (2015) An Open Conversation on Using Eye-Gaze Methods in Studies of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res 58:1719-32