Mutations in transmembrane channel-like gene 1 (TMC1) underlie dominant, progressive hearing loss (DFNA36) and recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (DFNB7/B11) in humans (Kurima et al., 2002). Similarly, semidominant and recessive alleles of Tmc1 cause hearing loss in Beethoven (Bth) and deafness (dn) mutant mice (Vreugde et al.,2002; Kurima et al., 2002). Tmc1 is a member of the Tmc gene family that includes seven other paralogs in mammals (Keresztes et al., 2003). Tmc1 and closely related Tmc2 are expressed in auditory and vestibular hair cells of the mouse inner ear. We have recently demonstrated that mice that lack Tmc1 and Tmc2 are deaf and suffer profound vestibular dysfunction. The data suggest that Tmc1 and Tmc2 are essential for normal hair cell function but their precise molecular function remains elusive. TMC1 and TMC2 proteins may be components of the cell body required for folding or trafficking of transduction molecules, they may function as linker proteins, mechanically in series with the mechanotransduction channel or they may be pore-forming subunits of the hair cell transduction channel itself. To investigate possible TMC functions we have designed a systematic and comprehensive research strategy that will allow us to distinguish amongst these various hypotheses. We will begin with a thorough biophysical characterization of the properties of hair cell transduction in mutant mice that express either Tmc1 or Tmc2 alone. Next, we will introduce mutant and chimeric forms of Tmc1 and/or Tmc2 into hair cells that lack both genes. Our previous work (Kawashima et al., 2011) demonstrated rescue of mechanotransduction in hair cells of Tmc1/Tmc2 knockout mice transfected with wild-type Tmc1 or Tmc2. Therefore, we predict that similar experiments with mutant Tmc genes will provide a novel platform for structure/function studies in native hair cells which will allow us to identify the function of TMC proteins. Lastly, e will localize TMC proteins in hair cells of Tmc1/Tmc2 knockout mice transfected with wild-type and mutant TMC constructs fused to short polypeptide epitope tags. Immunolocalization with antibodies specific to the epitope tag will provide localization data superior to that currently available. Taken together, the data that emerge from the proposed studies will help identify the function of TMC proteins in hair cells and may support their role as components of the hair cell transduction apparatus.

Public Health Relevance

For this project we will investigate the function of Tmc genes in the sensory cells of the mouse inner ear. TMCs are critical for hearing and balance function and mutations in TMC1 cause genetic deafness in humans. However, the precise function of Tmc genes in the inner ear is unknown. We have designed experiments that will allow us to definitively identify their function. We suspect that this information will be of broad interest fo scientists and patients who wish to understand inner ear function and dysfunction and will help provide a solid foundation for design of future therapies for treatment of genetic deafness.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DC013521-03
Application #
8857317
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Watson, Bracie
Project Start
2013-07-01
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Hospital Boston
Department
Type
DUNS #
076593722
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Pan, Bifeng; Akyuz, Nurunisa; Liu, Xiao-Ping et al. (2018) TMC1 Forms the Pore of Mechanosensory Transduction Channels in Vertebrate Inner Ear Hair Cells. Neuron 99:736-753.e6
Asai, Yukako; Pan, Bifeng; Nist-Lund, Carl et al. (2018) Transgenic Tmc2 expression preserves inner ear hair cells and vestibular function in mice lacking Tmc1. Sci Rep 8:12124
Nakanishi, Hiroshi; Kurima, Kiyoto; Pan, Bifeng et al. (2018) Tmc2 expression partially restores auditory function in a mouse model of DFNB7/B11 deafness caused by loss of Tmc1 function. Sci Rep 8:12125
Gao, Xue; Tao, Yong; Lamas, Veronica et al. (2018) Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents. Nature 553:217-221
Corey, David P; Akyuz, Nurunisa; Holt, Jeffrey R (2018) Function and Dysfunction of TMC Channels in Inner Ear Hair Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med :
Akyuz, Nurunisa; Holt, Jeffrey R (2016) Plug-N-Play: Mechanotransduction Goes Modular. Neuron 89:1128-1130
Corey, David P; Holt, Jeffrey R (2016) Are TMCs the Mechanotransduction Channels of Vertebrate Hair Cells? J Neurosci 36:10921-10926
Imtiaz, Ayesha; Maqsood, Azra; Rehman, Atteeq U et al. (2016) Recessive mutations of TMC1 associated with moderate to severe hearing loss. Neurogenetics 17:115-123
Kurima, Kiyoto; Ebrahim, Seham; Pan, Bifeng et al. (2015) TMC1 and TMC2 Localize at the Site of Mechanotransduction in Mammalian Inner Ear Hair Cell Stereocilia. Cell Rep 12:1606-17
Pan, Bifeng; Holt, Jeffrey R (2015) The molecules that mediate sensory transduction in the mammalian inner ear. Curr Opin Neurobiol 34:165-71

Showing the most recent 10 out of 13 publications