The peripheral sensory nervous system in the vertebrate head has a dual origin from cranial ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells. Cranial placodes arise from regions of thickened ectoderm in the embryonic head that invaginate and/or delaminate to give rise to portions of the cranial ganglia as well as sensory structures like the ear, lens, and nose. While peripheral ganglia of the trunk are exclusively neural crest-derived, those arising at cranial levels have a dual origin from both neural crest and placodes. Despite their importance to peripheral sensory innervation of the head, comparatively little is known about the early development of the placodes and how they become specified to adopt different lineages. This proposal aims to further characterize the cellular and molecular events underlying placode development, focusing on the olfactory placode domain, and how these cells obtain their prospective fates rather than becoming neural crest. Appropriate acquisition of placode fate is critical for proper craniofacial development. 1) Single cell lineage analysis of olfactory/lens primordium. We have shown that precursors to both lens and olfactory structures arise from a common territory next to the anterior neural plate and that they segregate over time by directional movements. Single cell lineage analysis will be performed to resolve whether there is a common lens/olfactory precursor or whether cells already know their fates within this common domain. Surprisingly, preliminary data indicate that these lineages may be segregated even within the preplacodal domain. 2) Environmental control of cell fate in the anterior neural folds: olfactory versus neural crest fate. The anterior neural fold is the only region of the neural tube that does not form neural crest, but rather forms olfactory placode. We will test whether olfactory placode can form neural crest when grafted caudally and if more caudal neural folds can form olfactory placode if grafted rostrally. 3) Epigenetic control of cell fate within anterior neural folds: the role of PHD12, a histone deacetylase complex member, in olfactory versus neural crest fate. PHD12 is selectively expressed in anterior neural folds and its knock-down causes anterior expansion of neural crest specifier genes in this domain. We will test whether PHD12 expression in the neural folds alters after heterotopic grafting and whether its gain- or loss-of-function modulates the olfactory/neural crest fate switch. 4) Transcriptional control of cell fate in anterior neural folds: the role of Pea3 transcription factor in olfactory versus neural crest fate. The transcription factor Pea3, which is a known downstream effector of FGF signaling, is expressed in olfactory and otic placodes at early stages. Preliminary data suggest that knock-down of Pea3 in the olfactory territory up-regulates the neural crest marker, Sox10. We will test whether this and other factors may act as switch points between placodal versus neural crest fate.

Public Health Relevance

The peripheral nervous system of vertebrates arises from two sources: ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells and the neural crest is a multipotent stem-cell-like population that migrates extensively and gives rise to an amazingly diverse set of derivatives. Similarly, placodes migrate or invaginate, and give rise to sensory neurons of ganglia that innervate the face. Because placodes and neural crest-derived cells are involved in a variety of birth defects (e.g. cleft palate, cardiac septal defects) and cancers such as neurofibromatosis, melanoma, neuroblastoma, our results on the normal mechanisms of placode and neural crest development provide important clues regarding the mistakes that may lead to abnormal development or loss of the differentiated state.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE016459-13
Application #
8474631
Study Section
Neurogenesis and Cell Fate Study Section (NCF)
Program Officer
Scholnick, Steven
Project Start
2000-08-20
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2013-07-01
Budget End
2014-06-30
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$365,666
Indirect Cost
$139,946
Name
California Institute of Technology
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009584210
City
Pasadena
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
91125
Roellig, Daniela; Bronner, Marianne E (2016) The epigenetic modifier DNMT3A is necessary for proper otic placode formation. Dev Biol 411:294-300
Butler, Samantha J; Bronner, Marianne E (2015) From classical to current: analyzing peripheral nervous system and spinal cord lineage and fate. Dev Biol 398:135-46
Uribe, Rosa A; Buzzi, Ailín L; Bronner, Marianne E et al. (2015) Histone demethylase KDM4B regulates otic vesicle invagination via epigenetic control of Dlx3 expression. J Cell Biol 211:815-27
Simões-Costa, Marcos; Tan-Cabugao, Joanne; Antoshechkin, Igor et al. (2014) Transcriptome analysis reveals novel players in the cranial neural crest gene regulatory network. Genome Res 24:281-90
Modrell, Melinda S; Hockman, Dorit; Uy, Benjamin et al. (2014) A fate-map for cranial sensory ganglia in the sea lamprey. Dev Biol 385:405-16
Saxena, Ankur; Bronner, Marianne E (2014) A novel HoxB cluster protein expressed in the hindbrain and pharyngeal arches. Genesis 52:858-63
Hu, Na; Strobl-Mazzulla, Pablo H; Simoes-Costa, Marcos et al. (2014) DNA methyltransferase 3B regulates duration of neural crest production via repression of Sox10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:17911-6
Ezin, Maxellende; Barembaum, Meyer; Bronner, Marianne E (2014) Stage-dependent plasticity of the anterior neural folds to form neural crest. Differentiation 88:42-50
Maier, Esther C; Saxena, Ankur; Alsina, Berta et al. (2014) Sensational placodes: neurogenesis in the otic and olfactory systems. Dev Biol 389:50-67
Saxena, Ankur; Peng, Brian N; Bronner, Marianne E (2013) Sox10-dependent neural crest origin of olfactory microvillous neurons in zebrafish. Elife 2:e00336

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