Craniofacial malformations are among the most common birth defects in children and lead to substantial morbidity and mortality for these infants. Despite the severity of the illness, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that are necessary for correct formation of facial structures. In this proposal, we will investigate craniofacial development in an emerging model system, Xenopus tropicalis. During a recent forward genetic screen, we identified two mutants, jaws and jawbreaker, that exhibit a specific embryonic defect in the development of craniofacial structures. These mutants show a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern suggestive of a single recessive mutant locus. Outside of the craniofacial defect, the remainder of the embryo appears wildtype. It is the goal of this proposal to characterize these two mutants and identify where and when during development craniofacial patterning begins to fail. In a second aim, we will attempt to identify the mutant locus which will greatly improve our understanding of the molecular patterning defect. Because our understanding of craniofacial morphogenesis remains superficial, characterizing these mutants has the potential of substantially improving our understanding of craniofacial development and malformations. In addition, this will represent one of the very first attempts to clone a mutant identified in a forward genetic screen in X. tropicalis. Successful completion of these goals will greatly support future genetic screens in this emerging model system. Birth defects of the head and neck are a common cause of serious illness in infants. Yet, our scientific understanding of how these structures form during embryonic development remains superficial. We propose a series of experiments to analyze two frog mutants that have abnormal jaw structure. A better understanding of these frog mutants can then be used as a model to understand birth defects of the head and neck in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE018824-02
Application #
7664607
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-GGG-T (54))
Program Officer
Scholnick, Steven
Project Start
2008-08-01
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2009-08-01
Budget End
2010-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$324,380
Indirect Cost
Name
Yale University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Griffin, John N; Sondalle, Samuel B; Del Viso, Florencia et al. (2015) The ribosome biogenesis factor Nol11 is required for optimal rDNA transcription and craniofacial development in Xenopus. PLoS Genet 11:e1005018
Jonas, Stephan; Zhou, Elaine; Deniz, Engin et al. (2013) A novel approach to quantifying ciliary physiology: microfluidic mixing driven by a ciliated biological surface. Lab Chip 13:4160-3
Boskovski, Marko T; Yuan, Shiaulou; Pedersen, Nis Borbye et al. (2013) The heterotaxy gene GALNT11 glycosylates Notch to orchestrate cilia type and laterality. Nature 504:456-9
del Viso, Florencia; Bhattacharya, Dipankan; Kong, Yong et al. (2012) Exon capture and bulk segregant analysis: rapid discovery of causative mutations using high-throughput sequencing. BMC Genomics 13:649
Deniz, Engin; Jonas, Stephan; Khokha, Mustafa et al. (2012) Endogenous contrast blood flow imaging in embryonic hearts using hemoglobin contrast subtraction angiography. Opt Lett 37:2979-81
Khokha, Mustafa K (2012) Xenopus white papers and resources: folding functional genomics and genetics into the frog. Genesis 50:133-42
Abu-Daya, Anita; Khokha, Mustafa K; Zimmerman, Lyle B (2012) The hitchhiker's guide to Xenopus genetics. Genesis 50:164-75
Fakhro, Khalid A; Choi, Murim; Ware, Stephanie M et al. (2011) Rare copy number variations in congenital heart disease patients identify unique genes in left-right patterning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:2915-20
Khokha, Mustafa K; Krylov, Vladimir; Reilly, Michael J et al. (2009) Rapid gynogenetic mapping of Xenopus tropicalis mutations to chromosomes. Dev Dyn 238:1398-46