Identification of the first several nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) genes has had a significant impact on the understanding of glomerular function and disease. However, the known genes account for only a fraction of these diseases. During the most recent period of this award, we identified mutations in INF2 as a relatively common cause of autosomal dominant FSGS. We also identified two coding variants in APOL1 that explain the high rate of FSGS and other non-diabetic kidney diseases in African Americans. Here our goal is further elucidation of the genetic basis of FSGS, using a database of over 3800 individuals assembled over the past sixteen years. Specifically: (1) We will perform mutational analysis of known FSGS genes in families with FSGS and in patients with sporadic FSGS. We will continue our ongoing ascertainment of families with FSGS as well as sporadic adult and pediatric cases. Mutational analysis of these known FSGS genes will further inform our understanding of the spectrum of mutations, inform genotype/phenotype relationships, provide further information regarding structure and function, and help clarify the utility of genetic testing. (2) We will also aim to identify new FSGS genes. We will use exome capture and next-generation sequencing in affected members of multiple families with inherited FSGS to in order to identify rare coding sequence variants. We will use a combination of known variant filtering, cosegregation analysis, and evolutionary conservation to define which of these genes and variants are likely causally related to the development of FSGS. We will perform replication studies in additional FSGS families and sporadic FSGS cases as well as functional assessments in order to prove causal relationships to disease. (3) We will also perform studies to identify de novo variants causing or contributing to FSGS using exome sequencing. We will use exome sequencing in sporadic FSGS cases and their parents in order to identify de novo variants that may cause or contribute to the development of FSGS. This is a potentially powerful approach because fewer than one de novo exomic variant is expected per individual, making the list of candidate genes expected from this approach very low. Based on the great recent success of this approach in studies of sporadic neuropsychiatric disorders, we anticipate that we will identify several genes in which de novo variants are seen in more than one affected individual, and/or specific pathways frequently mutated. We expect to see overlap among genes harboring de novo variants and genes in which inherited variants segregate with FSGS in families. FSGS is a significant and growing cause of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. FSGS is also a common consequence of a variety of primary conditions. These studies will help understand the underlying causes of this disease.

Public Health Relevance

The identification of new focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) genes and further genetic characterization of known FSGS genes will have significant implications for understanding, and ultimately, treating, common forms of kidney failure and kidney failure progression. In the more immediate future, identification and characterization of FSGS gene defects will have implications for the development of diagnostic tools.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK054931-16
Application #
8722529
Study Section
Pathobiology of Kidney Disease Study Section (PBKD)
Program Officer
Rasooly, Rebekah S
Project Start
1999-07-01
Project End
2018-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02215
Zhang, Jia-Yue; Wang, Minxian; Tian, Lei et al. (2018) UBD modifies APOL1-induced kidney disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:3446-3451
Feng, Di; Steinke, Julia M; Krishnan, Ramaswamy et al. (2016) Functional Validation of an Alpha-Actinin-4 Mutation as a Potential Cause of an Aggressive Presentation of Adolescent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Implications for Genetic Testing. PLoS One 11:e0167467
Sampson, Matthew G; Pollak, Martin R (2015) Opportunities and Challenges of Genotyping Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome in the Genomic Era. Semin Nephrol 35:212-21
Ruchi, Rupam; Genovese, Giulio; Lee, Jessica et al. (2015) Copy Number Variation at the APOL1 Locus. PLoS One 10:e0125410
Pollak, Martin R (2015) Idiopathic pediatric chronic kidney disease: can genomic technology crack the case? J Clin Invest 125:1799-800
Barua, Moumita; Shieh, Eric; Schlondorff, Johannes et al. (2014) Exome sequencing and in vitro studies identified podocalyxin as a candidate gene for focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 85:124-33
Brown, Elizabeth J; Pollak, Martin R; Barua, Moumita (2014) Genetic testing for nephrotic syndrome and FSGS in the era of next-generation sequencing. Kidney Int 85:1030-8
Pollak, Martin R (2014) Familial FSGS. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 21:422-5
Gbadegesin, Rasheed A; Hall, Gentzon; Adeyemo, Adebowale et al. (2014) Mutations in the gene that encodes the F-actin binding protein anillin cause FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1991-2002
Barua, Moumita; Stellacci, Emilia; Stella, Lorenzo et al. (2014) Mutations in PAX2 associate with adult-onset FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1942-53

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