Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and morbidity in patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for nearly half of the 20% annualized mortality and 30% of hospitalizations. Despite the extraordinary progress in establishing the benefits of cardioprotective medications in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in non-ESRD patients, virtually no data are available that describe the effects of these medications in the ESRD population because persons with ESRD have been systematically excluded from the large body of clinical trials in cardioprotection. The National Kidney Foundation defaults to the clinical guidelines of the American Heart Association for the general population. Our approach to determining the effectiveness of cardioprotective medications in ESRD entails combining two national data sources: the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and Medicaid drug data. Through this database, we will be able to link monthly cardioprotective medication use with important cardiac outcomes over multiple years. These outcomes are all- cause mortality, cardiac-related mortality, and cardiac-related morbidity. From this data, we will quantify the primary and secondary prevention effectiveness of three major classes of cardioprotective medications: beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin system antagonists, and HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors. Our primary prevention cohort is expected to include over 40,000 individuals without ischemic heart disease upon dialysis initiation. Our two secondary prevention cohorts will include over 20,000 individuals from the primary prevention cohort who had a cardiac event or those with ischemic heart disease at baseline. Because of limitations with using this type of data, we must adjust the statistical models for non-random treatment assignment. We will employ two different advanced statistical techniques, propensity scores and instrumental variables, to minimize the influence of selection bias on our results. Medication exposure will be quantified over time through use of the medication possession ratio, a marker of continuity of use. Our statistical models will control for important covariates known to influence the use of the medications as well as outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death and morbidity in the ESRD population accounting for approximately 50% of all deaths in ESRD individuals and nearly 30% of hospital admissions. The absolute risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ESRD patients is the highest of any cardiovascular population. This project will evaluate the effectiveness of cardioprotective medications in reducing cardiac deaths and hospitalizations in ESRD patients.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DK080111-03S1
Application #
8106816
Study Section
Kidney, Nutrition, Obesity and Diabetes (KNOD)
Program Officer
Eggers, Paul Wayne
Project Start
2008-09-15
Project End
2012-07-31
Budget Start
2010-08-01
Budget End
2011-07-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$119,129
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
016060860
City
Kansas City
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66160
Phadnis, Milind A; Wetmore, James B; Shireman, Theresa I et al. (2017) An ensemble survival model for estimating relative residual longevity following stroke: Application to mortality data in the chronic dialysis population. Stat Methods Med Res 26:2667-2680
Shireman, Theresa I; Mahnken, Jonathan D; Phadnis, Milind A et al. (2016) Effectiveness comparison of cardio-selective to non-selective ?-blockers and their association with mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 16:60
Shireman, Theresa I; Mahnken, Jonathan D; Phadnis, Milind A et al. (2016) Comparative Effectiveness of Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonists in Maintenance Dialysis Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 41:873-885
Wetmore, James B; Phadnis, Milind A; Ellerbeck, Edward F et al. (2015) Relationship between stroke and mortality in dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10:80-9
Tang, Yuexin; Brooks, John M; Wetmore, James B et al. (2015) Association between higher rates of cardioprotective drug use and survival in patients on dialysis. Res Social Adm Pharm 11:824-43
Wetmore, James B; Mahnken, Jonathan D; Phadnis, Milind A et al. (2015) Relationship between calcium channel blocker class and mortality in dialysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 24:1249-58
Phadnis, Milind A; Shireman, Theresa I; Wetmore, James B et al. (2014) Estimation of Drug Effectiveness by Modeling Three Time-dependent Covariates: An Application to Data on Cardioprotective Medications in the Chronic Dialysis Population. Stat Biopharm Res 6:229-240
Shireman, Theresa I; Phadnis, Milind A; Wetmore, James B et al. (2014) Antihypertensive medication exposure and cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 40:113-22
Wetmore, James B; Phadnis, Milind A; Mahnken, Jonathan D et al. (2014) Race, ethnicity, and state-by-state geographic variation in hemorrhagic stroke in dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:756-63
Wangia, Victoria; Shireman, Theresa I (2013) A review of geographic variation and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications in prescription drug use research. Res Social Adm Pharm 9:666-87

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