Iron homeostasis is tightly regulated to provide this critical element for growth and survival, but to prevent the toxicity of iron excess. We have recently discovered that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway plays an important role in systemic iron balance by modulating expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. A soluble protein secreted by the liver, hepcidin acts by downregulating the cell- surface expression of the iron exporter ferroportin to control iron absorption from the diet and iron release from body stores. Hepcidin deficiency, which causes excessive dietary iron absorption and progressive tissue iron deposition and dysfunction, appears to be the common pathogenic mechanism underlying the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis due to mutations in the genes encoding hepcidin itself, the hemochromatosis protein HFE, transferrin receptor 2, and hemojuvelin (HJV). Although the mechanism(s) by which HFE and transferrin receptor 2 regulate hepcidin expression remain uncertain, we have recently discovered that HJV is a BMP co-receptor and that BMP-HJV-SMAD signals regulate hepcidin expression and systemic iron balance in vivo. Here, we show that HJV binds BMP6, and that Bmp6-/- mice have a hemochromatosis phenotype resembling Hjv-/- mice, suggesting that BMP6 a key endogenous ligand for HJV that is necessary for regulating hepcidin expression and iron metabolism in vivo. We also show that dietary iron modulates BMP6 expression concordantly with hepcidin expression, suggesting that regulation of BMP6 expression may be one mechanism by which iron modulates hepcidin expression. Finally, we show that Hfe-/- mice have appropriately increased Bmp6 levels, but inappropriately low expression of downstream signaling targets of Bmp6, suggesting that HFE may interact with the BMP6-HJV-SMAD signaling cascade to regulate hepcidin expression.
In Specific Aim I, we will use in vitro and in vivo approaches to determine the mechanism by which iron upregulates BMP6 expression.
In Aim II, we will use iodinated protein-interaction and Biacore binding assays to dissect the protein-interaction domains that allow BMP6 and its co-receptor HJV to interact to enhance SMAD signaling and hepcidin expression.
In Aim III, we will use biochemical assays, cell culture models, Hfe-/- mice, and Hfe transgenic mice to investigate whether HFE interacts with the BMP6-HJV-SMAD signaling cascade to regulate hepcidin expression. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the role of the BMP signaling pathway in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. It is hoped that this work may lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating disorders of iron metabolism such as anemia of chronic disease and hemochromatosis.

Public Health Relevance

Disorders of systemic iron balance represent a significant public health problem affecting over one billion people worldwide. This proposal will investigate a novel regulatory pathway that plays a key role in systemic iron balance. It is hoped that this work will lead to new treatments for disorders of iron overload such as hemochromatosis and disorders of iron deficiency such as anemia of chronic disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK087727-03
Application #
8303014
Study Section
Erythrocyte and Leukocyte Biology Study Section (ELB)
Program Officer
Wright, Daniel G
Project Start
2010-07-01
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2012-07-01
Budget End
2013-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$360,439
Indirect Cost
$155,014
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
Canali, Susanna; Wang, Chia-Yu; Zumbrennen-Bullough, Kimberly B et al. (2017) Bone morphogenetic protein 2 controls iron homeostasis in mice independent of Bmp6. Am J Hematol 92:1204-1213
Wang, Chia-Yu; Core, Amanda B; Canali, Susanna et al. (2017) Smad1/5 is required for erythropoietin-mediated suppression of hepcidin in mice. Blood 130:73-83
Dev, Som; Babitt, Jodie L (2017) Overview of iron metabolism in health and disease. Hemodial Int 21 Suppl 1:S6-S20
David, Valentin; Francis, Connor; Babitt, Jodie L (2017) Ironing out the cross talk between FGF23 and inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 312:F1-F8
Canali, Susanna; Zumbrennen-Bullough, Kimberly B; Core, Amanda B et al. (2017) Endothelial cells produce bone morphogenetic protein 6 required for iron homeostasis in mice. Blood 129:405-414
He, Qing; Bouley, Richard; Liu, Zun et al. (2017) Large G protein ?-subunit XL?s limits clathrin-mediated endocytosis and regulates tissue iron levels in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E9559-E9568
David, Valentin; Martin, Aline; Isakova, Tamara et al. (2016) Inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production. Kidney Int 89:135-46
Theurl, Igor; Hilgendorf, Ingo; Nairz, Manfred et al. (2016) On-demand erythrocyte disposal and iron recycling requires transient macrophages in the liver. Nat Med 22:945-51
Canali, Susanna; Core, Amanda B; Zumbrennen-Bullough, Kimberly B et al. (2016) Activin B Induces Noncanonical SMAD1/5/8 Signaling via BMP Type I Receptors in Hepatocytes: Evidence for a Role in Hepcidin Induction by Inflammation in Male Mice. Endocrinology 157:1146-62
Canali, Susanna; Vecchi, Chiara; Garuti, Cinzia et al. (2016) The SMAD Pathway Is Required for Hepcidin Response During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Endocrinology 157:3935-3945

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