By 2015, it is estimated that one tenth of the U.S. population will suffer from diabetes. Islet transplantation has great potential for the treatment o diabetes, but must first overcome issues associated with islet survival, function and immunorejection. Combining bioengineering and islet biology has great potential for overcoming these challenges. We have reported that human bone marrow (BM), either in vitro or in vivo, significantly improves human islet function and survival, but the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect are largely unknown. We have preliminary data, that BM facilitates human islet survival and function in vitro by initiating revascularization and stimulating human islet regeneration. To address immunorejection of human islets, we propose a bioengineering approach of encapsulation of human islet/BM co- cultures and we will test this in vivo using mice engrafted with a functional human immune system (humanized mice). We hypothesize that co-encapsulated BM plus islets creates a favorable microenvironment via which BM paracrine activity facilitates revascularization of human islets, enhances ? cell self regeneration and prevents immunorejection. We will investigate mechanisms of how BM sustains human islet function/survival and prevents human immunorejection in humanized mice and the benefits of using nanoparticles with selected cytokines incorporated for local release to the islets. To understand how human BM facilities human islet survival and function within an encapsulated microenvironment, we will (1) evaluate revascularization and ?-cell regeneration that occurs within a 3D construction of the encapsulated islet and BM tissues; (2) evaluate the ability of encapsulated islets plus BM to overcome human immunorejection and restore glucose homeostasis in diabetic humanized mice, and determine whether nanoparticles carrying cytokines in a semi-permeable hydrogel capsule facilitate support of encapsulated functional islets by recruiting progenitor cells, and (3) identify the mechanisms by which BM enhances human islet survival and function in an encapsulated microenvironment by identifying the effect of BM paracrine Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF or other factors) and Mir-RNA 24-2 to modulate PDGF signaling pathways on islet survival and function. Our long term goal is to identify the mechanism(s) by which encapsulated islets plus BM cells sustain islet function in vivo and prevent islet rejection in the absence of generalized immunosuppression for translation to the clinic.

Public Health Relevance

Sustaining human islet function/survival and preventing immunorejection has been a great challenge in the field of islet transplantation. In this proposal, we will utilize a successful in vitro model of co-culturing human islets with bone marrow to maintain islet function/survival and apply it in vivo to correct hyperglycemia in diabetic immunodeficient mice engrafted with a functional human immune system. We will combine co-cultured human islets and bone marrow with a unique encapsulation formulation to prevent immunorejection. Our ultimate goal is to understand the mechanisms behind long term BM induced islet survival in vivo as well as determining whether coupling BM/co-cultured human islets with encapsulation will lead to a bioengineered tissue capable of sustainable islet transplantation therapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DK097380-03S1
Application #
9128801
Study Section
Bioengineering, Technology and Surgical Sciences Study Section (BTSS)
Program Officer
Arreaza-Rubin, Guillermo
Project Start
2013-07-17
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$54,496
Indirect Cost
$22,496
Name
Roger Williams Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
079472539
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02908
Kim, Joseph W; Vang, Souriya; Luo, John Zq et al. (2017) Effects of bone marrow on the microenvironment of the human pancreatic islet: A Protein Profile Approach. Mol Cell Endocrinol 450:32-42
Luo, John Z Q; Kim, Joseph W; Luo, LuGuang (2016) EFFECTS OF GINSENG AND ITS FOUR PURIFED GINSENOSIDES (Rb2, Re, Rg1, Rd) ON HUMAN PANCREATIC ISLET ? CELL IN VITRO. Eur J Pharm Med Res 3:110-119
Kim, Joseph W; Luo, John Z; Luo, Luguang (2015) The Biochemical Cascades of the Human Pancreatic ?-Cells: The Role of MicroRNAs. J Bioanal Biomed 7:
Luo, Lu Guang; Xiong, Fang; Ravassard, Philippe et al. (2015) Human Bone Marrow Subpopulations Sustain Human Islet Function and Viability In vitro. Br J Med Med Res 8:576-587
Luo, Lu-Guang; Luo, John Zq (2015) Anti-apoptotic Effects of Bone Marrow on Human Islets: A Preliminary Report. J Stem Cell Res Ther 5:
Ilgun, Handenur; Kim, Joseph William; Luo, LuGuang (2015) Adult Stem Cells and Diabetes Therapy. J Stem Cell Res Transplant 2:
Luo, John Z Q; Xiong, Fang; Al-Homsi, A Samer et al. (2013) Allogeneic bone marrow cocultured with human islets significantly improves islet survival and function in vivo. Transplantation 95:801-9