Chronic exercise training, consisting of repeated bouts of exercise over a sustained period, has undisputed effects to improve whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, adaptations that are critical for people with diabetes. While these beneficial adaptations to training are well described, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Although the effects of exercise training have largely been investigated in the context of adaptations to skeletal muscle, there has been little investigation into the role that other tissues may play in mediating the effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis. Preliminary data generated for this application show that transplantation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue from exercise-trained mice into sedentary recipients dramatically improves glucose tolerance, well above what occurs in adipose tissue transplanted from untrained animals. This effect is present as early as nine days post-transplantation and is associated with an increase in glucose uptake in both skeletal muscle and intrascapular brown adipose tissue, both suggesting that an adipose tissue-secreted factor may mediate the effects on glucose tolerance. The increase in glucose tolerance nine days post-transplantation is associated with an increase in glucose uptake in both skeletal muscle and intrascapular brown adipose tissue. To understand the mechanism for these beneficial effects of exercise, exercise-trained adipose tissue was studied biochemically and by microarray. Exercise training resulted in profound adaptations to subcutaneous adipose tissue, including the statistically significant alterations in >250 putative secreted proteins. Based on these findings, this project is designed to test the novel hypothesis that exercise training causes adaptations to subcutaneous adipose tissue that result in secretion of adipokines that in turn function in a paracrine or endocrine manner to improve whole body and tissue glucose homeostasis. There are three specific aims: 1) To determine if subcutaneous adipose tissue from exercise-trained mice exerts endocrine effects to enhance skeletal muscle metabolism, signaling networks, mitochondrial markers, and fiber distribution; 2) To determine the effects of transplanting subcutaneous adipose tissue from exercise-trained mice on brown adipose tissue and liver metabolism; and 3) To identify and determine the function of novel adipokines derived from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of exercise-trained mice. The use of state-of-the-art physiological and biochemical assessments will provide a powerful approach for elucidation of the physiological mechanisms underlying the important molecular effects of exercise on overall metabolic health. These studies have the potential to define novel biologics to aid in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.

Public Health Relevance

Diabetes is a major public health problem and exercise has an undisputed role in the treatment and prevention of this disease. The goal of this research proposal is to discover how exercise training causes fundamental changes to adipose tissue that signal the body to improve glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and overall glucose homeostasis. This will lead to a better understanding at the molecular level of the beneficial effects of exercise on overall health and could help to identify novel therapies for diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK099511-02
Application #
8835105
Study Section
Skeletal Muscle Biology and Exercise Physiology Study Section (SMEP)
Program Officer
Haft, Carol R
Project Start
2014-04-10
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2015-03-01
Budget End
2016-02-29
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Joslin Diabetes Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071723084
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Stanford, Kristin I; Goodyear, Laurie J (2018) Muscle-Adipose Tissue Cross Talk. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 8:
Stanford, Kristin I; Lynes, Matthew D; Takahashi, Hirokazu et al. (2018) 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 27:1111-1120.e3
Stanford, Kristin I; Lynes, Matthew D; Takahashi, Hirokazu et al. (2018) 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 27:1357
Mul, Joram D; Soto, Marion; Cahill, Michael E et al. (2018) Voluntary wheel running promotes resilience to chronic social defeat stress in mice: a role for nucleus accumbens ?FosB. Neuropsychopharmacology 43:1934-1942
May, Francis J; Baer, Lisa A; Lehnig, Adam C et al. (2017) Lipidomic Adaptations in White and Brown Adipose Tissue in Response to Exercise Demonstrate Molecular Species-Specific Remodeling. Cell Rep 18:1558-1572
Motiani, Piryanka; Virtanen, Kirsi A; Motiani, Kumail K et al. (2017) Decreased insulin-stimulated brown adipose tissue glucose uptake after short-term exercise training in healthy middle-aged men. Diabetes Obes Metab 19:1379-1388
Lynes, Matthew D; Leiria, Luiz O; Lundh, Morten et al. (2017) The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. Nat Med 23:631-637
Choi, Ran Hee; McConahay, Abigail; Jeong, Ha-Won et al. (2017) Tribbles 3 regulates protein turnover in mouse skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 493:1236-1242
Mul, Joram D; Zheng, Jia; Goodyear, Laurie J (2016) Validity Assessment of 5 Day Repeated Forced-Swim Stress to Model Human Depression in Young-Adult C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ Mice. eNeuro 3:
Stanford, Kristin I; Goodyear, Laurie J (2016) Exercise regulation of adipose tissue. Adipocyte 5:153-62

Showing the most recent 10 out of 18 publications