Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease resulting in pancreatic ?-cell destruction. It is hypothesized that viral infections can trigger T1D progression by direct lysis of ? -cells and/or the induction of an exacerbated pro-inflammatory milieu consisting of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and islet- infiltrating leukocytes. We recently demonstrated the importance of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS synthesis on autoimmune diabetes, as Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice unable to generate superoxide (NOD.Ncf1m1J) were highly resistant to spontaneous T1D. The resistance was partly mediated by dampened innate immune responses, as superoxide-deficient macrophages induced diminished levels of pro- inflammatory cytokines and Type I interferons upon Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation. The goal of this project will mechanistically define the role of ROS synthesis on macrophage differentiation and anti-viral responses in murine macrophages and human monocytes. We hypothesize that NOX-derived ROS synthesis is necessary for efficient pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage development/differentiation and viral-induced Type 1 diabetes. To address this hypothesis, the following independent and interrelated aims will be defined. (1) Determine the effects of superoxide on M1 and M2 macrophage development and function. (2) Establish the contribution of redox-dependent signals to anti-viral responses in macrophages. (3) Define the role of superoxide synthesis on bystander activation in response to viral infections. Collectively, these studies will define the fundamental roles of NOX-derived superoxide in macrophage development/differentiation in T1D and the regulation of innate immune responses to diabetogenic viruses. The knowledge gained from these studies may influence the novel design of therapeutic strategies for T1D prevention.

Public Health Relevance

Our research has characterized the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and oxidative stress on innate immune responses in Type 1 diabetes. Dissipation of ROS synthesis can prevent and delay T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ?-cells. Our proposed studies will expand our knowledge of how pro-inflammatory innate immune signals synergize and influence autoreactive T cell responses in Type 1 diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK099550-03
Application #
9104157
Study Section
Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune, and Immune-mediated Diseases Study Section (HAI)
Program Officer
Spain, Lisa M
Project Start
2014-08-15
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2016-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
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Pham-Hua, Dana; Padgett, Lindsey E; Xue, Bing et al. (2017) Islet encapsulation with polyphenol coatings decreases pro-inflammatory chemokine synthesis and T cell trafficking. Biomaterials 128:19-32
Ashley, Jason W; Hancock, William D; Nelson, Alexander J et al. (2016) Polarization of Macrophages toward M2 Phenotype Is Favored by Reduction in iPLA2? (Group VIA Phospholipase A2). J Biol Chem 291:23268-23281
Padgett, Lindsey E; Tse, Hubert M (2016) NADPH Oxidase-Derived Superoxide Provides a Third Signal for CD4 T Cell Effector Responses. J Immunol 197:1733-42
Padgett, Lindsey E; Anderson, Brian; Liu, Chao et al. (2015) Loss of NOX-Derived Superoxide Exacerbates Diabetogenic CD4 T-Cell Effector Responses in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 64:4171-83
Padgett, Lindsey E; Burg, Ashley R; Lei, Weiqi et al. (2015) Loss of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide skews macrophage phenotypes to delay type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 64:937-46
Tse, Hubert M; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Kharlampieva, Eugenia et al. (2015) Minireview: Directed Differentiation and Encapsulation of Islet ?-Cells-Recent Advances and Future Considerations. Mol Endocrinol 29:1388-99
Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Xue, Bing; Lei, Weiqi et al. (2015) Hydrogen-bonded multilayers of tannic acid as mediators of T-cell immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 4:686-94