There is a critical gap in evidence to guide recommendations to support or reject bariatric (weight loss) surgery (WLS) to treat severely obese adolescents with NASH. A prospective well-controlled study of the effectiveness of WLS vs. comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI) in treating NASH is urgently needed to guide recommendations, as severely obese adolescents are a large proportion of affected pediatric patients. Non-invasive tools to evaluate efficacy of treatment are also critically lacking. The lon-term goal is to identify highly effective treatment and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for NASH in children and adolescents given the rise in prevalence of pediatric obesity and NASH, and limited current therapy. The overall objective of this application is to assess the effectiveness of WLS vs. CLI as a treatment for NASH in severely obese adolescents. The central hypothesis is that WLS will result in significantly greater improvement in NASH in severely obese adolescents compared with CLI. This hypothesis derives from strong preliminary data generated by the applicants. The primary rationale for the proposed research is that, at completion, the study will provide critical evidence to guide treatment recommendations for severely obese adolescents with NASH. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing the following specific aims: 1) Evaluate the effectiveness of WLS vs. CLI in achieving significant histological improvement of NASH in severely obese adolescents; and 2) Test the sensitivity and specificity of novel non-invasive biomarkers in predicting histological outcome of NASH after treatment. Under the first aim, a prospective parallel cohort study of WLS vs. CLI will be conducted in adolescents, ages 13-19 with body mass index of 35-60 kg/m2. Primary histological outcomes will be measured after 1 year, controlling for important covariates that may impact weight loss and NASH outcomes. Well-established programs in NASH, adolescent WLS and multidisciplinary CLI exist at the performance site making this approach feasible in the applicants' hands. Under the second aim, measurements of serum cell death markers and innovative magnetic resonance measures of hepatic fat and fibrosis, supported by preliminary data generated by the applicants, will be combined to determine the correlation with histological NASH outcome at 1 year. The approach is innovative in: 1) focusing on severely obese adolescents with NASH, who are underrepresented in prior studies of CLI; 2) selecting a surgical approach, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, that has been linked to weight-loss independent beneficial effects on NASH pathogenesis; and 3) evaluating how emerging imaging methods and serological biomarkers can be used collectively and longitudinally to measure efficacy of treatment interventions on NASH. As the first controlled study of WLS vs. CLI in treatment of NASH, the proposed research is significant because it will fill a critical gap in evidence to guide patient and provider decision-making and may identify more effective treatments for NASH in severely obese adolescents. Cumulatively, this has the potential to yield dramatic improvements in medical and quality of life outcomes for a large proportion of pediatric patients with NASH, and reduce long term health care costs by ultimately decreasing progression to end-stage liver disease.

Public Health Relevance

The project is relevant to the mission of the NIH because it will produce critical, currently-lacking evidence to guide patients and providers in choosing effective and appropriate treatment in a large proportion of adolescent patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an increasingly prevalent liver disease in children. This research will also establish to what degree innovative non-invasive biomarkers can be used to measure response of NASH to treatment which is expected to accelerate testing of novel treatments for NASH and facilitate non-invasive monitoring of clinical outcomes. Ultimately, it is anticipated the results of this study will protect and improve public health by reducing progression of NASH to end-stage liver disease, improving medical and quality of life outcomes, and decreasing related health care expenditures

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK100429-05
Application #
9512947
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CIDO)
Program Officer
Doo, Edward
Project Start
2014-08-25
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071284913
City
Cincinnati
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45229
Kazour, Isabel; Serai, Suraj D; Xanthakos, Stavra A et al. (2018) Using T1 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance to assess congestive hepatopathy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 43:2679-2685
Dillman, Jonathan R; Trout, Andrew T; Costello, Emma N et al. (2018) Quantitative Liver MRI-Biopsy Correlation in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Can One Be Used to Predict the Other? AJR Am J Roentgenol 210:166-174
Xanthakos, Stavra A; Trout, Andrew T; Dillman, Jonathan R (2017) Magnetic resonance elastography assessment of fibrosis in children with NAFLD: Promising but not perfect. Hepatology 66:1373-1376
Kohli, Rohit; Sunduram, Shikha; Mouzaki, Marialena et al. (2016) Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Report from the Expert Committee on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (ECON). J Pediatr 172:9-13
Xanthakos, Stavra A; Schwimmer, Jeffrey B (2015) Paediatric gastroenterology. On a knife-edge--weight-loss surgery for NAFLD in adolescents. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:316-8
Xanthakos, Stavra A; Jenkins, Todd M; Kleiner, David E et al. (2015) High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Gastroenterology 149:623-34.e8