The goal of our application is to design and develop an experimental approach that will allow us to visualize transcription in real time within living tissues. The technology will combine expertise in optics, protein chemistry and molecular biology. Our approach will address key technical hurdles such as, i) fashioning an imaging beam capable of penetrating tissue and capturing the fluorescence signal emanating from it, ii) designing an RNA that will become tagged with a fluorescent marker when expressed in living tissue, iii) selecting a fluorescent tag with an emission wavelength that acts transparently in tissue and can be excited by two-photon absorption. We intend to visualize transcription of the beta-actin gene in tissues, since it has been well-characterized and constitutively expressed in all cells. We have engineered transgenic mice that harbor multiple MS2 stem-loop structures within genomic copies of the beta-actin gene. The stem-loops have a strong affinity for a capsid protein which is fused to a fluorescent reporter. Using two-photon microscopy we can observe the transcription in muscle and brain tissue, and furthermore our fluctuation analysis can tell us how many polymerases are engaged on the gene at any given time. The data we collect will allow us to determine the initiation, elongation, and termination rates of beta-actin transcription in each cell within the tissue. The methods devised by our approach will have broad applications and serve as a novel strategy in quantifying the levels of gene expression in tissues and more importantly to derive a model for gene expression in general that will be the basis for understanding how genes are regulated in different tissues, and among cells within the same tissue. Studying dynamics of a single gene in real time will lead to experiments directly testing hypotheses concerning the stochastic nature of gene activity during cell differentiation and homeostasis as well as deriving an approach to study disease genes.

Public Health Relevance

The purpose of this application is to develop a new approach to imaging gene expression in living tissues. For this we will develop new probes for imaging in the far red and use them in two- photon microscopy for the imaging of transcription in a mouse that expresses a tagged actin gene. This work will allow for the first time, the ability to describ the mechanisms controlling genes in their native environment and the basis for understanding how certain genes may cause disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EB013571-02
Application #
8446376
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BST-M (50))
Program Officer
Conroy, Richard
Project Start
2012-04-01
Project End
2016-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2014-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$556,333
Indirect Cost
$184,265
Name
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
110521739
City
Bronx
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10461
Nwokafor, Chiso; Singer, Robert H; Lim, Hyungsik (2018) Imaging cell-type-specific dynamics of mRNAs in living mouse brain. Methods :
Yao, Junjie; Kaberniuk, Andrii A; Li, Lei et al. (2016) Multiscale photoacoustic tomography using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a near-infrared photochromic probe. Nat Methods 13:67-73
Stepanenko, Olesya V; Baloban, Mikhail; Bublikov, Grigory S et al. (2016) Allosteric effects of chromophore interaction with dimeric near-infrared fluorescent proteins engineered from bacterial phytochromes. Sci Rep 6:18750
Pignatelli, Jeanine; Bravo-Cordero, Jose Javier; Roh-Johnson, Minna et al. (2016) Macrophage-dependent tumor cell transendothelial migration is mediated by Notch1/MenaINV-initiated invadopodium formation. Sci Rep 6:37874
Colon, Jorge; Lim, Hyungsik (2015) Shaping field for 3D laser scanning microscopy. Opt Lett 40:3300-3
Smith, Carlas S; Preibisch, Stephan; Joseph, Aviva et al. (2015) Nuclear accessibility of ?-actin mRNA is measured by 3D single-molecule real-time tracking. J Cell Biol 209:609-19
Grimm, Jonathan B; English, Brian P; Chen, Jiji et al. (2015) A general method to improve fluorophores for live-cell and single-molecule microscopy. Nat Methods 12:244-50, 3 p following 250
Buxbaum, Adina R; Haimovich, Gal; Singer, Robert H (2015) In the right place at the right time: visualizing and understanding mRNA localization. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 16:95-109
Campbell, Philip D; Chao, Jeffrey A; Singer, Robert H et al. (2015) Dynamic visualization of transcription and RNA subcellular localization in zebrafish. Development 142:1368-74
Halstead, James M; Lionnet, Timothée; Wilbertz, Johannes H et al. (2015) Translation. An RNA biosensor for imaging the first round of translation from single cells to living animals. Science 347:1367-671

Showing the most recent 10 out of 22 publications