Neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) and autism are chronic disabilities with no effective cure, resulting in significant personal, social and economic burden. Neuroinflammation, mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) and autism. Targeting activated microglia/astrocytes in the brain may offer such an opportunity. This is a challenge at multiple levels. Our preliminary studies suggest that, upon intravenous administration, poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (~4 nm), cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and further accumulate selectively in activated microglia and astrocytes in the brain of newborn rabbits with CP, but not in age-matched healthy controls. Importantly, a single 10 mg/kg drug dose in the form of this dendrimer-N-acetyl cysteine conjugate (D-NAC) administered on the day of birth (3 days after injury) intravenously to rabbit kits with CP, resulted in a significant improvement in motor function, attenuation of activated microglia, and decrease in neuronal injury and improved myelination by 5 days. Building on these promising findings, the long-term goal of this research is to develop dendrimer-based therapeutic approaches for the sustained postnatal treatment of neuroinflammation in CP. This will be achieved using the following specific aims: (1) determine whether increasing blood circulation time of dendrimers and using ligand targeting will improve microglial uptake and retention; (2) evaluate the toxicity of the dendrimer vehicle, and pharmacokinetics of NAC conjugated to dendrimers; (3) assess the sustained efficacy of the D-NAC conjugates, in improving motor function, decreasing microglial activation and brain injury up to 30 days. This study is significant because it: (1) explores the potential of targeted post-natal therapy in CP for improvement in motor phenotype, which has been a big challenge; (2) exploits the pathology-dependent differential uptake of PAMAM dendrimers by cells involved in neuroinflammation in CP; (3) will enable sustained attenuation of neuroinflammation during a crucial phase of brain development by providing tailored drug release; (4) uses NAC, a drug with a good safety profile in the perinatal and neonatal period, which can enable clinical translation. This study is innovative, because: (1) we evaluate therapeutic options in the postnatal period for a prenatal insult, to effect an improvement in motor function, with significan implications; (2) we seek to develop nanotherapeutic applications in the perinatal and neonatal period. Pediatric illnesses are often underserved by novel drug delivery technologies, which focus primarily on adults. This is the first study to bring nanotherapeutic approaches to childhood disorders such as CP.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because it will develop nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cerebral palsy, a neurodevelopmental disorder with no cure. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in cerebral palsy and autism. Designing targeted, sustained therapy for neuroinflammation will eventually benefit a large number of children affected by cerebral palsy, with implications in other neurological diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EB018306-04
Application #
9257381
Study Section
Nanotechnology Study Section (NANO)
Program Officer
Rampulla, David
Project Start
2014-04-01
Project End
2018-03-31
Budget Start
2017-04-01
Budget End
2018-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$328,050
Indirect Cost
$125,550
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
Sharma, Anjali; Liaw, Kevin; Sharma, Rishi et al. (2018) Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Activated Microglia using Dendrimer-Based Therapeutics. Theranostics 8:5529-5547
Sharma, Anjali; Porterfield, Joshua E; Smith, Elizabeth et al. (2018) Effect of mannose targeting of hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimers on cellular and organ biodistribution in a neonatal brain injury model. J Control Release 283:175-189
Alnasser, Yossef; Kambhampati, Siva P; Nance, Elizabeth et al. (2018) Preferential and Increased Uptake of Hydroxyl-Terminated PAMAM Dendrimers by Activated Microglia in Rabbit Brain Mixed Glial Culture. Molecules 23:
Grimm, Joshua C; Zhang, Fan; Magruder, Jonathan T et al. (2017) Accumulation and cellular localization of nanoparticles in an ex vivo model of acute lung injury. J Surg Res 210:78-85
Sharma, Rishi; Kim, Soo-Young; Sharma, Anjali et al. (2017) Activated Microglia Targeting Dendrimer-Minocycline Conjugate as Therapeutics for Neuroinflammation. Bioconjug Chem 28:2874-2886
Zhang, Fan; Trent Magruder, J; Lin, Yi-An et al. (2017) Generation-6 hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimers improve CNS penetration from intravenous administration in a large animal brain injury model. J Control Release 249:173-182
Nance, Elizabeth; Kambhampati, Siva P; Smith, Elizabeth S et al. (2017) Dendrimer-mediated delivery of N-acetyl cysteine to microglia in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Neuroinflammation 14:252
Nance, Elizabeth; Zhang, Fan; Mishra, Manoj K et al. (2016) Nanoscale effects in dendrimer-mediated targeting of neuroinflammation. Biomaterials 101:96-107
Guo, Yan; Johnson, Mary A; Mehrabian, Zara et al. (2016) Dendrimers Target the Ischemic Lesion in Rodent and Primate Models of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. PLoS One 11:e0154437
Zhang, Fan; Nance, Elizabeth; Alnasser, Yossef et al. (2016) Microglial migration and interactions with dendrimer nanoparticles are altered in the presence of neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 13:65

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