Proton therapy (PT) is one of the most advanced modalities of radiation therapy. However, uncertainties in the treatment plan have a much higher impact than in photon therapy due to the highly localized dose deposition. Range uncertainties of up to several centimeters can be introduced during treatment planning. Detailed verification of dose delivery would allow the full potential of PT to be realized. PET imaging of radioactivity distributions produced by nuclear fragmentation reactions during treatments has emerged as the only practical approach for in vivo treatment verification. We have used an in-room PET scanner to measure the radioactivity concentration history after proton irradiation, showing that 15O forms more than 80% of the PET signal immediately after irradiation. Accordingly, we have developed a completely new theory which estimates isotope-specific production and clearance rates directly from the data. The isotope production is a fundamental endpoint since it is a unique function of the dose delivered with a given proton profile and tissue composition. The biological clearance rates of 15O can be calculated concurrently, which may carry valuable physiological information about tumor environment. In this project we will develop new methods for in-room dose verification of proton therapy, based on the 15O production rate maps and Dual Energy CT (DECT). DECT can provide more accurate tissue property information, which will improve the Monte Carlo prediction of PET activity distributions, and also can potentially improve the treatment planning accuracy. We propose controlled validation in phantoms, experimental confirmation in animals, and pilot human studies. In-room imaging will be improved with a new mobile PET/CT scanner offering high sensitivity PET and a co-registered DECT. We will also evaluate the feasibility of assessing tumor responses to treatment using 15O biological clearance rates with radiation-sensitive VX2 tumors and in clinical studies, and investigate the value of DECT in more accurate proton therapy treatment planning.

Public Health Relevance

We propose to improve the accuracy of proton therapy by developing a new PET/DECT approach to verify proton therapy which compares the measured and predicted production rate maps (PRMs) of proton induced PET activities. We will use a kinetic model to calculate the PRM of 15O from dynamic PET data acquired shortly after treatment, from which the biological clearance rate map will be calculated concurrently, and the potential use of the clearance rate as a biomarker for the tumor treatment response will be investigated. The Monte Carlo prediction of PRMs will be improved by using Dual-Energy CT (DECT)-derived tissue properties, the impact of which on more accurate treatment planning will also be investigated.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EB019959-04
Application #
9445455
Study Section
Biomedical Imaging Technology Study Section (BMIT)
Program Officer
Zubal, Ihor George
Project Start
2015-04-08
Project End
2019-03-31
Budget Start
2018-04-01
Budget End
2019-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
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Cho, Jongmin; Grogg, Kira; Min, Chul Hee et al. (2017) Feasibility study of using fall-off gradients of early and late PET scans for proton range verification. Med Phys 44:1734-1746
Grogg, Kira S; Toole, Terrence; Ouyang, Jinsong et al. (2016) National Electrical Manufacturers Association and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Brain PET/CT Scanner. J Nucl Med 57:646-52
Min, Chul Hee; Zhu, Xuping; Grogg, Kira et al. (2015) A Recommendation on How to Analyze In-Room PET for In Vivo Proton Range Verification Using a Distal PET Surface Method. Technol Cancer Res Treat 14:320-5
Grogg, Kira; Alpert, Nathaniel M; Zhu, Xuping et al. (2015) Mapping (15)O production rate for proton therapy verification. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 92:453-9