Corneal scarring severely limits vision for millions worldwide and is a contributing factor for the more than 40,000 corneal transplants in the USA annually. Although there are a wide variety of causes of corneal scarring, a common pathological feature is a marked alteration of corneal proteoglycans, a specialized group of extracellular matrix proteins modified with carbohydrate. The stromal proteoglycans play a key role in organizing the transparent extracellular matrix. There is compelling evidence that altered proteoglycans in scars contribute to loss of this essential organization. The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the biological functions of proteoglycans in the cornea and determine how they contribute to corneal pathology. The continuation of this project will focus on the biosynthesis and biological functions of stromal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides linked to proteoglycan proteins. The unique molecular composition of GAGs of normal transparent cornea is notably lost in scar tissue. The enzymes required for synthesis of these GAGs, however, and the genes regulating the expression of those enzymes are poorly understood. In addition, GAGs in many tissues regulate a variety of cellular functions by interaction with cell- surface receptors. In the cornea such interactions have not been characterized. The project will address these gaps in our understanding of these important molecules in the form of three Specific Aims, each formulated as a hypothesis.
Aim 1 hypothesis: Abundance of specific glycosyltransferase and sulfotransferase gene transcripts regulates keratan sulfate synthesis in the cornea.
Aim 2 hypothesis: GAG biosynthesis by keratocytes is mediated by cell-junction associated signaling.
Aim 3 hypothesis: Corneal GAGs play a direct role in cellular events of inflammation and wound healing. The experimental approach uses cultures of primary keratocytes from bovine stroma, cells which accurately mimic matrix transitions observed in normal and pathological corneas. These in vitro experiments will be paired with in vivo murine models of non-inflammatory corneal wound healing and of corneal inflammation using wild-type mice and mice lacking genes for GAG biosynthetic enzymes. These experiments will produce results elucidating specific aspects of the synthesis and cellular control of corneal proteoglycans and, in addition, will generate novel insights on how interactions between corneal cells and the surrounding matrix regulate responses to wound healing and inflammation.

Public Health Relevance

. The proposed study will contribute to our long-term understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating corneal scarring. It will add new insights into how corneal cells make scar tissue and how that tissue, in turn, influences the behavior of corneal cells. We expect this project ultimately to allow us to identify and manipulate molecular targets by which we can influence the composition of the stromal matrix, leading to therapeutic approaches to block or reverse corneal scarring without surgery.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY009368-18
Application #
8053321
Study Section
Anterior Eye Disease Study Section (AED)
Program Officer
Mckie, George Ann
Project Start
1993-08-01
Project End
2013-03-31
Budget Start
2011-04-01
Budget End
2012-03-31
Support Year
18
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$353,846
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Syed-Picard, Fatima N; Du, Yiqin; Hertsenberg, Andrew J et al. (2018) Scaffold-free tissue engineering of functional corneal stromal tissue. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12:59-69
Syed-Picard, Fatima N; Du, Yiqin; Lathrop, Kira L et al. (2015) Dental pulp stem cells: a new cellular resource for corneal stromal regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 4:276-85
Wu, Jian; Du, Yiqin; Mann, Mary M et al. (2014) Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. Exp Eye Res 120:71-81
Wu, Jian; Rnjak-Kovacina, Jelena; Du, Yiqin et al. (2014) Corneal stromal bioequivalents secreted on patterned silk substrates. Biomaterials 35:3744-55
Karamichos, Dimitrios; Funderburgh, Martha L; Hutcheon, Audrey E K et al. (2014) A role for topographic cues in the organization of collagenous matrix by corneal fibroblasts and stem cells. PLoS One 9:e86260
Chan, Audrey A; Hertsenberg, Andrew J; Funderburgh, Martha L et al. (2013) Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cells with corneal keratocyte phenotype. PLoS One 8:e56831
Roh, Danny S; Du, Yiqin; Gabriele, Michelle L et al. (2013) Age-related dystrophic changes in corneal endothelium from DNA repair-deficient mice. Aging Cell 12:1122-31
Boote, Craig; Du, Yiqin; Morgan, Sian et al. (2012) Quantitative assessment of ultrastructure and light scatter in mouse corneal debridement wounds. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:2786-95
Roh, Danny S; Funderburgh, James L (2011) Rapid changes in connexin-43 in response to genotoxic stress stabilize cell-cell communication in corneal endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:5174-82
Hayashi, Yasuhito; Call, Mindy K; Chikama, Tai-ichiro et al. (2010) Lumican is required for neutrophil extravasation following corneal injury and wound healing. J Cell Sci 123:2987-95

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