Light is an all-pervasive biological stimulus. Most light on our planet comes from the sun and this is closely reflected in the mechanisms of light response that have evolved. Whether it is the phototropism of a unicellular green alga, the circadian entrainment of plants or high-acuity vision in humans, light elicits a huge variety of biological responses that are of fundamental importance. In this application, we provide evidence that in the mouse (and thus, probably in the human) light is an important stimulus for eye development. Unexpectedly, we found that dark reared neonatal mice exhibit abnormal vascular development in which the regression of hyaloid vessels is retarded and the growth of retinal vessels is promiscuous. The same abnormal growth is observed in light reared mice lacking the photopigment melanopsin. We have strong preliminary evidence that the maldevelopment of the ocular vessels is associated with (1) changes in the retinal level of the neurotrophin BDNF, (2) increased neuron number, and (3) altered VEGF expression level via oxygen demand. Also, surprisingly, the maximal effect of dark rearing is found in pups raised in darkness from E16. Our Central Hypothesis is: Ocular development is regulated by a fetal light-melanopsin-BDNF pathway that regulates neuron number, VEGF expression, and ultimately, postnatal vascular patterning. We propose three experimental aims: (1) To establish whether light activation of the melanopsin pathway in the fetus is necessary and sufficient to regulate vascular development in the eye, (2) to determine how BDNF signaling integrates with light-dependent vascular development, and (3) to define the role of oxygen demand in the light response pathway.

Public Health Relevance

This proposal is relevant to public health because it promises to uncover a new pathway of light responsiveness in the fetus that influences eye development. In particular, understanding this pathway is likely to teach us how to reduce the risk of the potentially blinding eye disease retinopathy of prematurity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY023179-03
Application #
8788267
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-CB-G (02))
Program Officer
Shen, Grace L
Project Start
2013-01-01
Project End
2016-12-31
Budget Start
2015-01-01
Budget End
2015-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$414,126
Indirect Cost
$71,550
Name
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071284913
City
Cincinnati
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45229
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Rao, Sujata; Chun, Christina; Fan, Jieqing et al. (2013) A direct and melanopsin-dependent fetal light response regulates mouse eye development. Nature 494:243-6
Yang, Michael B; Rao, Sujata; Copenhagen, David R et al. (2013) Length of day during early gestation as a predictor of risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 120:2706-2713