Autoimmune uveitis is a debilitating and potentially blinding inflammatory disease that affects 93 in 100,000 Americans annually. The current treatment strategy is to control the inflammation with immunosuppressive medication that include steroids, which in turn have serious side effects, such as cataracts, glaucoma, peptic ulcers, bone decalcification, and systemic susceptibility to infection. A mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) has been used to better understand this disease. In contrast to chronic human uveitis, EAU resolves without intervention and mice are resistant to recrudescence of uveitis because of regulatory immunity found in the spleen. This regulatory immunity requires post-EAU Treg cells to be activated by post-EAU antigen presenting cells (APC). We have shown that the melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5r) is required for the emergence of a regulatory APC in the post- EAU spleen, and this regulatory APC is a source of adenosine that activates the post-EAU Treg cell through the adenosine 2A receptor (A2Ar). This is an interesting finding, because these two pathways have been shown to individually regulate immunity, but our observation is the first to link the two pathways. The result of stimulating this melanocortin-adenosinergic pathway is an autoantigen specific Treg cell that suppresses EAU. This focus of this proposal is how these Treg cells function to suppress inflammation (Specific Aim 1), if reactivation requires contact dependent factors, and how long-lasting the Treg cells are (Specific Aim 2). Stimulation of MC5r or A2Ar during EAU effectively suppresses disease and induces regulatory immunity. Therefore, it may be possible to stimulate these pathways to induce regulatory immunity and suppress human autoimmune uveitis. In this proposal we will translate our mouse findings into the clinic by assaying for the induction of regulatory immunity on human PBMC from chronic uveitis patients following stimulation of the melanocortin-adenosinergic pathway (Specific Aim 3). Our hypothesis is that the melanocortin-adenosinergic pathway induces effective and long-term regulatory immunity. We propose to combine murine studies with a translational study to answer important mechanistic questions about ocular autoantigen specific Treg cells and to bring these findings into the clinic to develop a uveitis treatment that provides lasting remission.

Public Health Relevance

Human autoimmune uveitis is a potentially blinding and disabling inflammatory disease that affects approximately 2 million Americans, and current treatments that are available for this disease only reduce the symptoms; they do not cure the underlying disease nor provide long-term prevention of recurrence. Normally, the immune system is safeguarded against uncontrolled inflammation and autoimmunity which prevents uveitis from becoming chronic, but for many people these safeguards fail and the disease does become chronic. This proposal investigates two of these safeguards, using both mice and human samples, to reprogram the immune system to prevent, suppress, and cure uveitis while preventing blindness.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01EY024951-01A1
Application #
8908605
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Mckie, George Ann
Project Start
2015-08-01
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
878648294
City
Oklahoma City
State
OK
Country
United States
Zip Code
73104