RNA editing alters the predicted nuclear or organelle gene products from many organisms, ranging from protozoans to humans. This distinctive form of RNA processing gives organisms unique flexibility in producing messenger and structural RNAs and proteins from DNA genomes. For organelles of some plants and animals, RNA editing can be viewed as a correction mechanism for genes that otherwise could not be expressed or would encode aberrant products. RNA editing also sometimes serves to allow the production of proteins with diverse functions or properties from a single gene. In humans, transcripts of genes involved in lipid metabolism and nervous system function are among those that undergo base modifications. Fundamental aspects of base modification RNA editing will be uncovered by studies of C-to-U RNA editing in plastids of angiosperm plants. Unlike other organelles in which RNA editing occurs plastids can be transformed with deliberately altered editing sites to analyze the cis-acting elements necessary for catalysis and recognition of bases for modification. Mutant screens will identify nuclear or organelle genes which affect editing site recognition and editing efficiency. With information obtained from transformation analysis, substrate RNAs can be designed to identify components of the editing apparatus that associate with target transcripts. The proposed research should enhance understanding of other forms of RNA processing in the biological world, especially the mechanisms of tRNA, mRNA and rRNA modification and editing.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM050723-07
Application #
6179737
Study Section
Genetics Study Section (GEN)
Program Officer
Rhoades, Marcus M
Project Start
1994-05-01
Project End
2002-07-31
Budget Start
2000-08-01
Budget End
2001-07-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$289,673
Indirect Cost
Name
Cornell University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Earth Sciences/Natur
DUNS #
City
Ithaca
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14850
Bentolila, Stephane; Chateigner-Boutin, Anne-Laure; Hanson, Maureen R (2005) Ecotype allelic variation in C-to-U editing extent of a mitochondrial transcript identifies RNA-editing quantitative trait loci in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 139:2006-16
Hegeman, Carla E; Hayes, Michael L; Hanson, Maureen R (2005) Substrate and cofactor requirements for RNA editing of chloroplast transcripts in Arabidopsis in vitro. Plant J 42:124-32
Hegeman, Carla E; Halter, Christine P; Owens, Thomas G et al. (2005) Expression of complementary RNA from chloroplast transgenes affects editing efficiency of transgene and endogenous chloroplast transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 33:1454-64
Chateigner-Boutin, Anne-Laure; Hanson, Maureen R (2003) Developmental co-variation of RNA editing extent of plastid editing sites exhibiting similar cis-elements. Nucleic Acids Res 31:2586-94
Chateigner-Boutin, Anne-Laure; Hanson, Maureen R (2002) Cross-competition in transgenic chloroplasts expressing single editing sites reveals shared cis elements. Mol Cell Biol 22:8448-56
Reed, M L; Peeters, N M; Hanson, M R (2001) A single alteration 20 nt 5' to an editing target inhibits chloroplast RNA editing in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 29:1507-13
Reed, M L; Wilson, S K; Sutton, C A et al. (2001) High-level expression of a synthetic red-shifted GFP coding region incorporated into transgenic chloroplasts. Plant J 27:257-65
Reed, M L; Lyi, S M; Hanson, M R (2001) Edited transcripts compete with unedited mRNAs for trans-acting editing factors in higher plant chloroplasts. Gene 272:165-71
Reed, M L; Hanson, M R (1997) A heterologous maize rpoB editing site is recognized by transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Mol Cell Biol 17:6948-52
Lu, B; Hanson, M R (1996) Fully edited and partially edited nad9 transcripts differ in size and both are associated with polysomes in potato mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 24:1369-74

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