Despite the frequency at which chromosomal abnormalities occur in humans, the molecular mechanisms underlying their occurrence are poorly understood. Robertsonian translocations (ROB), whole arm exchanges between the acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22, are the most common, recurrent, chromosomal rearrangements in humans. ROBs have exceptionally high rates of de novo formation. We have postulated that ROBs form through two distinct mechanisms; a directive process resulting in the common rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q), and a more random process resulting in the remaining eight rarer classes. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in ROB formation, we propose to identify the region containing the breakpoints in the two most common classes, rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q), and clone the sequence(s) involved in the translocation formation. The hypothesis to be tested is that specific sequences are shared between the nonhomologous chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 that are properly oriented as to facilitate pairing and recombination leading to translocation formation. This hypothesis is supported by the observations of disproportionately large numbers of rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q) with consistent breakpoints as compared to the rarely occurring, remaining classes of ROB with highly variable breakpoints.
The specific aims of this proposal are to 1) further characterize and narrow the breakpoint regions on chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 and 2) test existing satellite III subfamilies from our laboratory to elucidate potential involvement in ROB formation. If the above satellite III sequences do not appear to be involved in the translocation exchanges we will then 3) identify novel sequences on the short arms of chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 around the ROB breakpoints; and 4) test these sequences to elucidate their potential role in ROB formation. The study of this common class of structural rearrangements has broader implications to understanding constitutional and acquired translocation formation, basic mechanisms for chromatin exchange, recombination differences between the sexes and nondisjunction in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM056845-02
Application #
2857328
Study Section
Biological Sciences 2 (BIOL)
Project Start
1998-01-01
Project End
2001-12-31
Budget Start
1999-01-01
Budget End
1999-12-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Baylor College of Medicine
Department
Genetics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
074615394
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Bandyopadhyay, Ruma; McCaskill, Christopher; Knox-Du Bois, Cami et al. (2003) Mosaicism in a patient with Down syndrome reveals post-fertilization formation of a Robertsonian translocation and isochromosome. Am J Med Genet A 116A:159-63
McGowan, Kathryn D; Weiser, Joseph J; Horwitz, Juli et al. (2002) The importance of investigating for uniparental disomy in prenatally identified balanced acrocentric rearrangements. Prenat Diagn 22:141-3
Berend, Sue Ann; Bejjani, Bassem A; McCaskill, Christopher et al. (2002) Identification of uniparental disomy in phenotypically abnormal carriers of isochromosomes or Robertsonian translocations. Am J Med Genet 111:362-5
Berend, S A; Horwitz, J; McCaskill, C et al. (2000) Identification of uniparental disomy following prenatal detection of Robertsonian translocations and isochromosomes. Am J Hum Genet 66:1787-93
Berend, S A; Canun, S; McCaskill, C et al. (1998) Molecular analysis of mosaicism for two different de novo acrocentric rearrangements demonstrates diversity in Robertsonian translocation formation. Am J Med Genet 80:252-9