Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients in the United States with between 230,000 and 370,000 people dying from the disease annually. Outside of antibiotics, treatment for sepsis is non- specific, and there is no approved therapeutics available once antibiotics and supportive therapy fail. The gut has long been characterized as the motor of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We have spent the two previous cycles of funding examining mechanisms of gut apoptosis in sepsis and have come to believe that understanding the gut in sepsis requires a broader view of the interconnectivity of the organ. This proposal therefore focuses on understanding how components of the gut epithelium interact in driving sepsis, as well as understanding how the gut epithelium and the adaptive immune system alter each other following sepsis. The first goal of the proposal is to understand why sepsis slows migration along the crypt-villus axis. By using mice with gut-specific alterations in apoptosis or proliferation, we can test whether intestinal migration is dependent upon apoptosis or proliferation. Further, by inducing proliferation in the villus (a compartment in which gut cells do not ordinarily proliferate), we can delineate the importance of intestinal microenvironment in modulating sepsis-induced decreases in migration. Gut integrity must also be understood in the context of how the intestinal epithelium functions as a barrier between the intestinal microbiome and the external environment. As such, the proposal seeks to understand mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced hyperpermeability and how the adaptive immune system modulates changes in the intestinal barrier following sepsis. Studies will be performed using epidermal growth factor (EGF), a cytoprotective growth hormone, which improves survival and normalizes gut barrier dysfunction when given to immunocompetent septic mice but paradoxically worsens survival without barrier improvement when given to mice lacking lymphocytes. Comparing the effects of EGF and other barrier-altering agents when given to immunocompetent or lymphocyte-deficient mice will provide insights into how the gut barrier impacts survival and how this is altered by T cells following sepsis. Since the gut plays a major role in both initiating and propagating critical illness, understanding mechanisms through which gut integrity is dysregulated in sepsis has significant public health implications in a disease that is common, very costly, and highly lethal.

Public Health Relevance

Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients in the United States with between 230,000 and 370,000 people dying from the disease annually. Gut integrity is markedly dysregulated following sepsis with significant alterations in cell production, loss, migration and permeability as well as altered communication between the gut epithelium and the adaptive immune system. Understanding mechanisms through which gut integrity is dysregulated in sepsis has significant public health implications in a disease that is common, very costly, and highly lethal.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM072808-10
Application #
8760660
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Somers, Scott D
Project Start
2005-09-06
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Emory University
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
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Breed, Elise R; Hilliard, Carolyn A; Yoseph, Benyam et al. (2018) The small heat shock protein HSPB1 protects mice from sepsis. Sci Rep 8:12493
Lyons, John D; Chen, Ching-Wen; Liang, Zhe et al. (2018) Murine Pancreatic Cancer Alters T Cell Activation and Apoptosis and Worsens Survival After Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Shock :
Klingensmith, Nathan J; Fay, Katherine T; Lyons, John D et al. (2018) Chronic Alcohol Ingestion Worsens Survival and Alters Gut Epithelial Apoptosis and Cd8+ T Cell Function after Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis. Shock :
Lyons, John D; Coopersmith, Craig M (2017) Pathophysiology of the Gut and the Microbiome in the Host Response. Pediatr Crit Care Med 18:S46-S49

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