African American, Latino/a and Native American students are entering PhD programs in the biomedical sciences in greater numbers than ever before. However, they remain greatly underrepresented in the biomedical workforce, especially at the faculty level. Over the past decades, NIH and NIGMS have committed great financial and human resources toward diversification efforts, leading to the PhD program improvements, but the lack of progress at higher levels suggests current interventions need better guidance from research to be effective. Prior studies have proposed many explanations and theories for the lack of improvement, including inadequate preparation of trainees, ongoing discrimination, and the active decision of young minority students not to pursue academic careers. However, no studies have achieved sufficient power to examine the relative contributions of these or other factors to persistence toward an academic career. Our National Longitudinal Study of the Experiences and Career Decisions of Young Biomedical Scientists, begun in 2008, uses annual in-depth interviews to follow a diverse group of more than 180 biomedical PhD students, giving it unprecedented power to discern and understand contributing factors to minority scientist retention and attrition. Interview data will be studied using qualitative research methods and interpreted using a framework composed of 4 theoretical 'lenses' from social science: social cognitive career theory, identity development, cultural capital and communities of practice. During this upcoming grant period, the Study will: 1) continue conducting annual, in-depth interviews with students during the crucial period between choosing a dissertation laboratory and completing graduate school; 2) connect these new data with previously collected information about pre- graduate school experiences in order to determine the differential impacts of these experiences across race, ethnicity, and gender; 3) use this data and our theoretical framework to propose, test, and extend hypotheses of the impact of experiences both before and during graduate school on career decision making, and; 4) utilize insights from the research findings to propose modifications to existing or new interventions to promote career progression, especially toward achievement of academic careers. As a result of the number of students being followed, the depth of insights into student experiences and decisions, and the longitudinal nature of the study, this research will provide a truly unique and unprecedented view into influences of race, ethnicity and gender on the development of young scientists.

Public Health Relevance

A deep, empirically grounded understanding of the student experience in contemporary science training will allow for evidence-based program design at every level of scientific training to increase the diversity of the scientific community and especially faculty researchers and teachers. Greater diversity in the professorate will provide better role models and mentors for the increasingly diverse US population, as well as increase the number of researchers who can identify with populations experiencing health disparities. The project's scale will lead to creation of a unique data repository which can become a valuable resource for ongoing study of the experiences of a diverse population of young scientists during their long progression from graduate student to contributing professional.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM085385-08
Application #
8899585
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1-MORE-7 (IN))
Program Officer
Sesma, Michael A
Project Start
2008-08-01
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-07-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$368,413
Indirect Cost
$115,495
Name
Northwestern University at Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005436803
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Williams, Simon N; Thakore, Bhoomi K; McGee, Richard (2017) Providing Social Support for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Minority PhD Students in the Biomedical Sciences: A Career Coaching Model. CBE Life Sci Educ 16:
Wood, Christine V; Campbell, Patricia B; McGee, Richard (2016) 'AN INCREDIBLY STEEP HILL:' HOW GENDER, RACE, AND CLASS SHAPE PERSPECTIVES ON ACADEMIC CAREERS AMONG BEGINNING BIOMEDICAL PHD STUDENTS. J Women Minor Sci Eng 22:159-181
Remich, Robin; Jones, Remi; Wood, Christine V et al. (2016) How Women in Biomedical PhD Programs Manage Gender Consciousness as They Persist Toward Academic Research Careers. Acad Med 91:1119-27
Remich, Robin; Naffziger-Hirsch, Michelle E; Gazley, J Lynn et al. (2016) Scientific Growth and Identity Development during a Postbaccalaureate Program: Results from a Multisite Qualitative Study. CBE Life Sci Educ 15:
McGee, Richard (2016) ""Biomedical Workforce Diversity: The Context for Mentoring to Develop Talents and Foster Success Within the 'Pipeline'"". AIDS Behav 20 Suppl 2:231-7
Williams, Simon N; Thakore, Bhoomi K; McGee, Richard (2016) Coaching to Augment Mentoring to Achieve Faculty Diversity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Acad Med 91:1128-35
Gazley, J Lynn; Remich, Robin; Naffziger-Hirsch, Michelle E et al. (2014) Beyond Preparation: Identity, Cultural Capital, and Readiness for Graduate School in the Biomedical Sciences. J Res Sci Teach 51:1021-1048
Thakore, Bhoomi K; Naffziger-Hirsch, Michelle E; Richardson, Jennifer L et al. (2014) The Academy for Future Science Faculty: randomized controlled trial of theory-driven coaching to shape development and diversity of early-career scientists. BMC Med Educ 14:160
McGee Jr, Richard; Saran, Suman; Krulwich, Terry A (2012) Diversity in the biomedical research workforce: developing talent. Mt Sinai J Med 79:397-411