The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of folding and maturation for virtually all secreted and membrane proteins of the cell. The demand for secreted protein production fluctuates dramatically in cells in response to developmental or environmental cues. Demand for increased ER protein folding capacity is sensed by the Unfolded Protein Response signaling pathway (UPR), conserved in all eukaryotes. Activation of the UPR pathway results in increased expression of ER chaperones and other protein folding components in order to increase ER protein folding capacity. As ER cannot be generated de novo but must be inherited by daughter cells, we became interested in mechanisms that assure the functional quality of inherited ER. Recently, we have found that: (1) functionally stressed ER is not transmitted to daughter cells, and (2) results in block in cytokinesis in S. cerevisiae. We confirmed that blocked cytokinesis is not due to ER-stress induced global defects in the localization of secretory pathway components critical for cell division. Moreover, the cytokinesis block is not dependent on the canonical UPR pathway, occurring even in IRE1-defective cells. (3) We also find a provocative phenotype: ER stress disrupts the dynamics of the septin complex, which normally assembles at the mother/daughter cell bud neck and mediates cell separation during cytokinesis. Most recently, we have identified the SLT2 MAP kinase as playing an important role in coordinating ER function with ER inheritance. Cells lacking SLT2, when subjected to ER stress, are no longer blocked for cytokinesis, have normal septin ring dynamics, and transmit stressed ER to their daughter cells. However, such cells are unable to sustain more than a subsequent rounds of cell division, indicating a critical need for functional ER. Taking these results together, we hypothesize the existence of an ER- stress surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of ER transmitted to daughter cells, such that information on ER functional capacity is communicated, either directly or indirectly, to the septin complex and to components that affect ER movement during inheritance. In this proposal we propose to: (1) determine which stage of the ER inheritance process is effected by ER stress, (2) investigate the molecular nature of the aberrant septin complex behavior caused by ER stress, (3) analyze the molecular role of SLT2 in cytokinesis and cER inheritance, and (4) map our existing as well as new components into the pathway that comprises the ER stress surveillance mechanism. The failure to regulate ER functional capacity is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases, including certain cancers. Thus, knowledge of the cellular mechanisms assuring the maintenance and transmission of a functionally competent ER will be invaluable towards the development of previously unrecognized strategies for therapeutic intervention.

Public Health Relevance

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a essential orgaqnelles for production of membrane and secretory proteins. In addition, the ER carries out a variety of additional critical functions including lipid synthesis and intracellular calcium regulation. Functional capacity of the ER is regulated in response to environmental and developmental cues and has to be transmitted to the daughter cell every time cells divide as no ER can be synthesized de novo. Failuare of proper regulation and mainteinance of ER functions is increasingly recognized as contributing element of the pathophysiology of human health and thus, a detail understanding of how cells coordinates ER functional capacity with its proper inheritance during normal cell cycle will hold promise to lay groundwork for novel human therapeutics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM087415-01A1
Application #
7786153
Study Section
Membrane Biology and Protein Processing (MBPP)
Program Officer
Gindhart, Joseph G
Project Start
2010-05-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2010-05-01
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$293,473
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Diego
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
804355790
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92093
Piña, Francisco; Yagisawa, Fumi; Obara, Keisuke et al. (2018) Sphingolipids activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress surveillance pathway. J Cell Biol 217:495-505
Tam, Arvin B; Roberts, Lindsay S; Chandra, Vivek et al. (2018) The UPR Activator ATF6 Responds to Proteotoxic and Lipotoxic Stress by Distinct Mechanisms. Dev Cell 46:327-343.e7
Miller, Marina; Tam, Arvin B; Mueller, James L et al. (2017) Cutting Edge: Targeting Epithelial ORMDL3 Increases, Rather than Reduces, Airway Responsiveness and Is Associated with Increased Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. J Immunol 198:3017-3022
Jiang, Dadi; Tam, Arvin B; Alagappan, Muthuraman et al. (2016) Acridine Derivatives as Inhibitors of the IRE1?-XBP1 Pathway Are Cytotoxic to Human Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 15:2055-65
Piña, Francisco Javier; Fleming, Tinya; Pogliano, Kit et al. (2016) Reticulons Regulate the ER Inheritance Block during ER Stress. Dev Cell 37:279-88
Jiang, Dadi; Lynch, Connor; Medeiros, Bruno C et al. (2016) Identification of Doxorubicin as an Inhibitor of the IRE1?-XBP1 Axis of the Unfolded Protein Response. Sci Rep 6:33353
Piña, Francisco J; Niwa, Maho (2015) The ER Stress Surveillance (ERSU) pathway regulates daughter cell ER protein aggregate inheritance. Elife 4:
Jiang, Dadi; Niwa, Maho; Koong, Albert C (2015) Targeting the IRE1?-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response in human diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 33:48-56
Tam, Arvin B; Koong, Albert C; Niwa, Maho (2014) Ire1 has distinct catalytic mechanisms for XBP1/HAC1 splicing and RIDD. Cell Rep 9:850-8
Miller, Marina; Rosenthal, Peter; Beppu, Andrew et al. (2014) ORMDL3 transgenic mice have increased airway remodeling and airway responsiveness characteristic of asthma. J Immunol 192:3475-87

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