Mitochondria are dynamic and complex organelles that play a central role in all aspects of biology, including energy production, intermediary metabolism, and apoptosis. These broad cellular functions also place mitochondria as a central player in human health. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and most neurodegenerative disorders. As a result of these wide-ranging critical activities, many efforts have focused on identifying and characterizing the mitochondrial proteome, with over 1,000 proteins identified to date in mammals. Remarkably, however, roughly one-quarter of these proteins remain essentially uncharacterized. These include many proteins that are highly conserved throughout eukarya, a strong indication that they perform a fundamentally important function. Our prior studies of two uncharacterized mitochondrial conserved proteins (MCPs) support this proposal, revealing new roles for these proteins in critical aspects of mitochondrial function and, in one case, providing a direct link to an inherited form of cancer. We propose to continue these functional studies of the mitochondrial proteome using genetic and biochemical approaches in yeast, Drosophila, mammalian cells, and mice. The three specific aims in this proposal each focus on a different critical aspect of mitochondrial function: (1) To determine the role of the BRP44 protein family in carbohydrate metabolism, (2) To determine the role of C6orf57 protein family in maintaining energy homeostasis, and (3) To determine the role of HIG proteins in mitochondrial III2IV2 respiratory super complex assembly. We will undertake genetic and biochemical studies in yeast focused on defining the mechanistic function of each MCP. These studies will be extended through genetic and metabolic studies in Drosophila, in close coordination with our yeast work, to determine the biological and physiological activity of each MCP in the context of an intact developing animal. Functional studies in mammalian cells will be used to test the hypothesis that specific MCP activities have been conserved through evolution. Finally, selected mouse models will be generated to enable elucidation of protein function in mammalian physiology. Our goal in this research will be to provide a new understanding of the biochemical and cellular function of each MCP, determine how they contribute to normal mitochondrial activity, and, whenever possible, link MCP function to human health and disease.

Public Health Relevance

In spite of the extreme importance of mitochondria in human disease, roughly one- quarter of the resident proteins remain uncharacterized. In this project, we propose to characterize three unstudied but highly conserved mitochondrial proteins using two powerful genetic model systems, yeast and Drosophila, followed by focused studies in mammalian cells and mouse models. The goal of this research is to determine the biochemical and physiological functions of these proteins and to use this understanding to define their contribution to human health and disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM094232-01A1
Application #
8238935
Study Section
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Structure/Function and Dynamics Study Section (NCSD)
Program Officer
Anderson, Vernon
Project Start
2012-02-01
Project End
2016-01-31
Budget Start
2012-02-01
Budget End
2013-01-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$299,000
Indirect Cost
$99,000
Name
University of Utah
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009095365
City
Salt Lake City
State
UT
Country
United States
Zip Code
84112
Flores, Aimee; Schell, John; Krall, Abigail S et al. (2017) Lactate dehydrogenase activity drives hair follicle stem cell activation. Nat Cell Biol 19:1017-1026
Schell, John C; Wisidagama, Dona R; Bensard, Claire et al. (2017) Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 19:1027-1036
Olson, Kristofor A; Schell, John C; Rutter, Jared (2016) Pyruvate and Metabolic Flexibility: Illuminating a Path Toward Selective Cancer Therapies. Trends Biochem Sci 41:219-230
McCommis, Kyle S; Hodges, Wesley T; Bricker, Daniel K et al. (2016) An ancestral role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Mol Metab 5:602-14
Gray, Lawrence R; Sultana, Mst Rasheda; Rauckhorst, Adam J et al. (2015) Hepatic Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 Is Required for Efficient Regulation of Gluconeogenesis and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis. Cell Metab 22:669-81
Rutter, Jared; Hughes, Adam L (2015) Power(2): the power of yeast genetics applied to the powerhouse of the cell. Trends Endocrinol Metab 26:59-68
Na, Un; Yu, Wendou; Cox, James et al. (2014) The LYR factors SDHAF1 and SDHAF3 mediate maturation of the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. Cell Metab 20:253-66
Chen, Yu-Chan; Umanah, George K E; Dephoure, Noah et al. (2014) Msp1/ATAD1 maintains mitochondrial function by facilitating the degradation of mislocalized tail-anchored proteins. EMBO J 33:1548-64
Schell, John C; Olson, Kristofor A; Jiang, Lei et al. (2014) A role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a repressor of the Warburg effect and colon cancer cell growth. Mol Cell 56:400-13
Van Vranken, Jonathan G; Bricker, Daniel K; Dephoure, Noah et al. (2014) SDHAF4 promotes mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and prevents neurodegeneration. Cell Metab 20:241-52

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