Histone lysine (K) methylation has emerged as a key epigenetic mark associated with transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In particular, trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is linked with gene silencing, whereas trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is highly correlated with gene activation. H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 occupy and affect 68-75% and 7%, respectively, of all human gene- regulatory regions in embryonic stem cells and play critical roles in numerous epigenetic processes, including stem cell differentiation. Interestingly, these two types of methylation with opposing roles co-occupy many promoter regions, forming so-called bivalent domains that can be resolved to monovalent domains containing only H3K4me3 during cellular differentiation. Bivalent domains are transcriptionally inactive, indicating a dominant role for H3K27me3 over H3K4me3. Recently, we identified the H3K27 demethylase KDM6A (also called UTX), a long-sought histone methylation modifier that up-regulates gene expression by demethylating H3K27me3. Our long-term objective is to define the epigenetic role of KDM6A in stem cell differentiation. Our KDM6A knockdown experiments indicate that KDM6A acts as a key epigenetic regulator for retinoic acid- induced differentiation of the human stem cell line NT2/D1. Importantly, we previously showed that KDM6A interacts with the H3K4 methyltransferases mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 3/4 in a histone modifier complex. Therefore, the KDM6A complex is able to catalyze enzymatic processes for both H3K4 methylation and H3K27 demethylation by which bivalent domains can be resolved to monovalent domains. Consistent with this, our additional preliminary data indicate that in both NT2/D1 and the ES cell line H9, KDM6A contributes to the resolution of bivalent domains at the promoters of several key development/differentiation-specific HOX genes. Based on these exciting preliminary results, our central hypothesis is that KDM6A plays an essential role in stem cell differentiation by modifying key epigenetic signatures, such as bivalent domains, in cooperation with its associated proteins. The focus of this proposed study is on understanding the functions of KDM6A and its associated proteins in mediating stem cell differentiation and their roles in modifying epigenetic signatures of stem cells. Here, we propose the following three specific aims: 1) Characterize the role of KDM6A in mediating stem cell differentiation;2) Determine the role of KDM6A in modifying bivalent domains;and 3) Define the roles of the KDM6A-associated proteins in KDM6A-mediated cellular differentiation. These studies will uncover the unprecedented roles for the epigenetic modifier KDM6A and its cofactor proteins in stem cell differentiation and are fundamental to our understanding at the molecular level of how key epigenetic signatures, such as bivalent domains, are modified during stem cell differentiation.

Public Health Relevance

The studies proposed here are designed to provide molecular mechanistic insights into how the differentiation of stem cells is mediated by the epigenetic modifier KDM6A and its partner proteins and how bivalent domains, a key epigenetic signature of stem cells, are resolved in such epigenetic event. Given that stem cells have numerous potential therapeutic and medical uses, a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the lineage commitment of stem cells may enable the design of a safe, practical strategy for the therapeutic use of stem cells. In addition, our findings will likely be applicable to the pharmacological manipulation of the lineage commitment of stem cells involving small molecule modulators of KDM6A.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM095659-03
Application #
8461953
Study Section
Molecular Genetics B Study Section (MGB)
Program Officer
Carter, Anthony D
Project Start
2011-09-01
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2013-05-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$288,168
Indirect Cost
$105,783
Name
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
800772139
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Chen, Tsai-Yu; Lee, Sung-Hun; Dhar, Shilpa S et al. (2018) Protein arginine methyltransferase 7-mediated microRNA-221 repression maintains Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 levels in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 293:3925-3936
Li, Na; Li, Yuanyuan; Lv, Jie et al. (2016) ZMYND8 Reads the Dual Histone Mark H3K4me1-H3K14ac to Antagonize the Expression of Metastasis-Linked Genes. Mol Cell 63:470-84
Dhar, Shilpa S; Lee, Sung-Hun; Chen, Kaifu et al. (2016) An essential role for UTX in resolution and activation of bivalent promoters. Nucleic Acids Res 44:3659-74
Lee, Sung-Hun; Chen, Tsai-Yu; Dhar, Shilpa S et al. (2016) A feedback loop comprising PRMT7 and miR-24-2 interplays with Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc to regulate stemness. Nucleic Acids Res 44:10603-10618
Li, Na; Dhar, Shilpa S; Chen, Tsai-Yu et al. (2016) JARID1D Is a Suppressor and Prognostic Marker of Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancer Res 76:831-43
Alam, Hunain; Gu, Bingnan; Lee, Min Gyu (2015) Histone methylation modifiers in cellular signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:4577-92
Kim, Jae-Hwan; Sharma, Amrish; Dhar, Shilpa S et al. (2014) UTX and MLL4 coordinately regulate transcriptional programs for cell proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 74:1705-17
Dhar, Shilpa S; Alam, Hunain; Li, Na et al. (2014) Transcriptional repression of histone deacetylase 3 by the histone demethylase KDM2A is coupled to tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 289:7483-96
Wagner, Klaus W; Alam, Hunain; Dhar, Shilpa S et al. (2013) KDM2A promotes lung tumorigenesis by epigenetically enhancing ERK1/2 signaling. J Clin Invest 123:5231-46
Gu, Bingnan; Lee, Min Gyu (2013) Histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and demethylases in self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Cell Biosci 3:39

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