Determining which patients presenting with suspected acute infection require antibiotics is a common yet challenging medical decision. Clinical phenotypes widely overlap and current diagnostics are inadequate, leading all too commonly to a default decision to prescribe antibiotics. Consequently, antibiotic overuse and subsequent resistance have become major public health threats. Thus, there is a clear need for better strategies to safely reduce antibiotic overuse. A promising approach are strategies that combine therapeutics with novel diagnostics such as biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from the therapeutic intervention. Landmark trials using this approach in oncology and cardiology have significantly improved routine practice. In infection and sepsis, based on extensive work by our group and others, we believe procalcitonin the biomarker most ready for a large US trial. Procalcitonin is a calcitonin precursor elevated in bacterial infection, but not viral. Multiple studies have shown procalcitonin has superior performance for detection of bacterial infection compared to traditional markers such as white blood cell count. We propose ProACT (Procalcitonin Antibiotic Consensus Trial), a 1514 subject, eight site, randomized trial to test implementation of a procalcitonin antibiotic algorithm to safely reduce antibiotic exposure in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). We target emergency department patients (ED) as a large proportion of LRTI presents to the ED, and although antibiotic prescription for respiratory infection in primary care has declined, this has not occurred in EDs. LRTI is a major public health burden and typifies the decision-making challenges of acute infection. Study findings will have an immediate impact on routine ED care of this common condition and could significantly reduce antibiotic use and resistance.

Public Health Relevance

Overuse of antibiotics is a major public health problem, contributing to growing antibiotic resistance. This study tests the ability of a new blood test-based antibiotic prescribing strategy to help physicians safely reduce antibiotic use in emergency department patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Study findings will have an immediate impact on routine care of this common condition and could significantly reduce antibiotic use and resistance.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM101197-01A1
Application #
8501747
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1-PPBC-5 (CT))
Program Officer
Dunsmore, Sarah
Project Start
2013-09-23
Project End
2018-07-31
Budget Start
2013-09-23
Budget End
2014-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$1,107,305
Indirect Cost
$297,389
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Huang, David T; Yealy, Donald M; Filbin, Michael R et al. (2018) Procalcitonin-Guided Use of Antibiotics for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. N Engl J Med 379:236-249
Huang, David T; Angus, Derek C; Chang, Chung-Chou H et al. (2017) Design and rationale of the Procalcitonin Antibiotic Consensus Trial (ProACT), a multicenter randomized trial of procalcitonin antibiotic guidance in lower respiratory tract infection. BMC Emerg Med 17:25
Reynolds, Joshua C; Grunau, Brian E; Rittenberger, Jon C et al. (2016) Association Between Duration of Resuscitation and Favorable Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Prolonging or Terminating Resuscitation. Circulation 134:2084-2094
Iwashyna, Theodore J; Burke, James F; Sussman, Jeremy B et al. (2015) Implications of Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect for Reporting and Analysis of Randomized Trials in Critical Care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192:1045-51
Kurz, Michael C; Wang, Henry E (2014) Improving postarrest care through evidence-based common sense. Ann Emerg Med 64:507-8