Many organisms are able to regenerate whole limbs and portions of tissues and organs after amputation or significant damage. However, the molecular mechanisms that ensure maintenance of cell fate and proper re- patterning of the regenerating structure are unknown. The long-term goal is to understand how damaged tissue regenerates a functional body part. The overall objective of this proposal is to identify the developmental and novel patterning processes that are critical for proper formation of the regenerated Drosophila imaginal wing, an ideal model system because of the simplicity of the tissue, as well as its genetic tractability, well- characterized development, and wealth of available experimental tools. The central hypothesis is that regeneration resembles development in some ways, but also employs alternate mechanisms to maintain or establish patterning and cell fate. This hypothesis was formulated based on preliminary data generated in laboratory of the applicant; including mutations identified in a genetic screen that specifically affect patterning during regeneration, not development. The rationale for the proposed research is that identification of patterning mechanisms required during regeneration has the potential to guide efforts to enable and manipulate regeneration in human tissues that normally do not regrow after damage. This proposed work will be accomplished through the following specific aims: 1) Characterize patterning during regeneration with high spatial and temporal resolution; 2) Determine the regeneration-specific mechanism through which taranis maintains posterior cell identity; and 3) Identify additional regeneration-specific patterning mechanisms. Under the first aim, repatterning during regeneration will be mapped in fine detail by following changes in expression of known patterning genes and carrying out transcriptional profiling of the regeneration blastema. Under the second aim, the mechanism through which taranis ensures maintenance of engrailed expression and posterior cell fate during regeneration will be determined, using feasible genetic and biochemical approaches. Under the third aim, new genes and mechanisms that regulate cell fate and patterning during regeneration will be identified using two complementary approaches: 1) continuation of the already successful genetic screen and characterization of patterning mutants, and 2) characterization of regeneration genes identified through transcriptional profiling of purified blastema cells. This approach is innovative because it uses the full power of Drosophila genetics as well as novel cellular techniques to identify genes important for cell fate and patterning during regeneration. This re- search will be significant because it will identify novel, regeneration-specific molecular mechanisms that ensure regrowth of a functional structure after extensive tissue loss. Ultimately this improved understanding of regeneration has the potential to enable regrowth of damaged tissues, organs and appendages that do not normally regenerate.
The proposed research is relevant to public health because once we understand how regenerating tissue is specified, patterned, and shaped, we can better design strategies to induce medically relevant regrowth of tis- sue after acute injury or chronic illness. Ultimately this knowledge has the potential to guide our efforts to re- grow essential human tissues such as pancreatic islets, cardiac muscle, lung alveoli, and digits or appendages, which will have a profound impact on the treatment of patients who suffer from diabetes, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and traumatic injury. Therefore, the proposed research fulfills the mission of the NIH to pursue fundamental knowledge of biology that will reduce the burdens caused by chronic illness and traumatic injury.
| Abidi, Syeda Nayab Fatima; Smith-Bolton, Rachel K (2018) Cell fate changes induced by a Distal-less enhancer-trap transgene in the Drosophila antennal imaginal disc. Sci Rep 8:4950 |
| Khan, Sumbul Jawed; Abidi, Syeda Nayab Fatima; Skinner, Andrea et al. (2017) The Drosophila Duox maturation factor is a key component of a positive feedback loop that sustains regeneration signaling. PLoS Genet 13:e1006937 |
| Brock, Amanda R; Seto, Mabel; Smith-Bolton, Rachel K (2017) Cap-n-Collar Promotes Tissue Regeneration by Regulating ROS and JNK Signaling in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Imaginal Disc. Genetics 206:1505-1520 |
| Khan, Sumbul Jawed; Abidi, Syeda Nayab Fatima; Tian, Yuan et al. (2016) A rapid, gentle and scalable method for dissociation and fluorescent sorting of imaginal disc cells for mRNA sequencing. Fly (Austin) 10:73-80 |
