Remarkably, almost half the human genome consists of interspersed repetitive elements, but in analysis of these has not been among the many impressive advances in genome science in recent years. In fact, these high copy repeats populating all human chromosomes are routinely screened out of genomic studies, as they pose technical challenges and thwart standard molecular approaches. The lack of attention to this large mass of repeats is also due to their low sequence conservation and other properties which have led to the widely held belief that they are irrelevant evolutionary junk. Based on recent evidence from our lab and others, we propose that this dogma is changing, and that the repeat genome not only contains-meaningful biology, but is likely fundamental to chromosome structure and epigenetic regulation of the genome. By probing, rather than masking, RNA from repeats in situ, we discovered strong evidence that high copy repeat elements produce abundant nuclear RNAs, which are embedded in nuclear chromosome structure. Our findings suggest that these RNAs are poorly extracted by standard methods for - molecular assays. We have a strong interdisciplinary team who will address this and other challenges to the - study of repeat sequences with innovative and multi faceted approaches. This research has potential to establish a ground breaking concept: that interspersed repeats previously thought silent make RNAs that are integral to the structure and regulation of chromosomes. In contrast to the established paradigm of ncRNAs (e.g. XIST) inducing heterochromatin or gene silencing, we hypothesize that repeat RNAs can promote open euchromatin, and may compete for binding of the same structural protein. In addition to unusual strength in nuclear RNA analysis and chromosome biology, our team includes exceptional strength in RNA biochemistry and bioinformatics of repeat sequences.

Public Health Relevance

About forty percent of the human genome consists of repetitive sequences throughout all chromosomes, which are widely presumed to be irrelevant evolutionary 'junk'. This project has potential to change this perception and show that this part of the genome is more highly expressed and meaningful than previously thought. In fact, it may hold fundamental keys to the biology of chromosomes and genome regulation in normal cells. This work has very fundamental potential impact for many broad areas of biology and biomedicine.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
4R01GM107604-04
Application #
9039486
Study Section
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Structure/Function and Dynamics Study Section (NCSD)
Program Officer
Carter, Anthony D
Project Start
2013-08-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603847393
City
Worcester
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
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Hall, Lisa L; Lawrence, Jeanne B (2016) RNA as a fundamental component of interphase chromosomes: could repeats prove key? Curr Opin Genet Dev 37:137-147
Swanson, Eric C; Rapkin, Lindsy M; Bazett-Jones, David P et al. (2015) Unfolding the story of chromatin organization in senescent cells. Nucleus 6:254-60
Hall, Lisa L; Carone, Dawn M; Gomez, Alvin V et al. (2014) Stable C0T-1 repeat RNA is abundant and is associated with euchromatic interphase chromosomes. Cell 156:907-19
Swanson, Eric C; Manning, Benjamin; Zhang, Hong et al. (2013) Higher-order unfolding of satellite heterochromatin is a consistent and early event in cell senescence. J Cell Biol 203:929-42