Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of rare genetic diseases characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, excessive bleeding, and other symptoms that reflect defects in membrane transport processes required to generate tissue-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs). Patients with HPS types 1, 2 or 4 additionally suffer from a lethal lung fibrosis, reflecting injury to alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2). A2 injury correlates with defects in lamellar bodies (LBs), which are lipid-enriched LROs in which surfactant is synthesized and packaged for secretion. Despite the major importance of LBs to human health, little is known about their membrane protein composition, their derivation from endolysosomes, the membrane trafficking pathways that lead to their maturation, or how the protein complexes that are defective in HPS function within these pathways. In this basic cell biology proposal, we will define membrane transport processes required for LB biogenesis and maturation, and link them to the protein complexes that are defective in HPS - AP-3 and BLOC-1, -2 and -3. We will test the hypotheses that (1) LBs mature through distinct stages in AT2, (2) AP-3 and the BLOCs facilitate LB maturation by targeting LB-specific integral membrane cargoes from conventional endosomes to early LB stages, and (3) the trafficking pathways involved in LB biogenesis are universal to LRO-generating cell types and are independent of cargo. These hypotheses stem directly from comparisons of LB biogenesis to LRO maturation in melanocytes, in which melanosomes mature through distinct morphological stages through the AP-3- and BLOC-dependent delivery of melanogenic enzymes from early endosomes to non-pigmented precursors. Our results will further our understanding of LBs as critical LROs, aid in the development of new HPS diagnostic tools and therapies, and lay the foundation to understand the etiology of the lung fibrosis in HPS patients.
Our specific aims are: 1. To test whether LBs of different densities represent distinct stages in LB maturation and if progressive cargo protein delivery shapes the lipid profile of maturing LBs. We will profile the contents of enriched, distinct LB fractions from maturing AT2, and validate our findings by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. 2. To test whether LB cargo delivery requires AP-3 and/or AP-1. We will test for binding of the cytoplasmic domains of putative cargoes to cytoplasmic adaptors used by melanosomal proteins for sorting to melanosomes, and assess the requirement for these adaptors in cargo localization to LBs in AT2. 3. To test whether LRO maturation is universally defined by a cargo delivery pathway mediated by HPS-associated protein complexes in AT2 and melanocytes. We will test whether ectopically expressed melanosome and LB cargoes localize to LBs in AT2 and melanosomes in melanocytes, and whether localization in both cell types similarly requires BLOCs.

Public Health Relevance

Lamellar bodies (LBs) in lung epithelial cells play a critical role in lung health and disease as the site of surfactant synthesis, packaging and secretion. The Hermansky Pudlak syndromes (HPS) are a family of genetic disorders associated with abnormalities in LBs, and patients with HPS-1, -2, and -4 develop lethal lung fibrosis. These studies will clarify the process of LB formation, and how HPS proteins contribute to pathways for LB maturation. Results from these studies will aid in the development of new HPS diagnostic tools and therapies and lay the foundation to understand the etiology of the lung fibrosis in HPS patients.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM108807-03
Application #
9118225
Study Section
Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section (MBPP)
Program Officer
Ainsztein, Alexandra M
Project Start
2014-09-15
Project End
2018-07-31
Budget Start
2016-08-01
Budget End
2017-07-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Department
Type
DUNS #
073757627
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
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Kook, Seunghyi; Wang, Ping; Young, Lisa R et al. (2016) Impaired Lysosomal Integral Membrane Protein 2-dependent Peroxiredoxin 6 Delivery to Lamellar Bodies Accounts for Altered Alveolar Phospholipid Content in Adaptor Protein-3-deficient pearl Mice. J Biol Chem 291:8414-27
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Dennis, Megan K; Mantegazza, Adriana R; Snir, Olivia L et al. (2015) BLOC-2 targets recycling endosomal tubules to melanosomes for cargo delivery. J Cell Biol 209:563-77