Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability, affecting as many as 1 in 2500 people. The syndrome is caused by an expansion of a repetitive sequence of nucleotides in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, which leads to a dramatic reduction in a protein (FMRP) essential for experience- dependent synaptic development. The proposed project is designed to examine the language development of males with FXS during adolescence and young adulthood, the factors that affect that development, the consequences of language impairments for independent functioning in adulthood, and the specificity of the language profile observed. The project will extend the follow up of an already well-characterized cohort of males with FXS as well recruiting new participants. The project involves an accelerated longitudinal design, with four annual assessments and participants entering between the ages of 15 and 22 years.
Four specific aims will be addressed. (1) The developmental trajectory of important, theoretically motivated, components of language will be described in males with FXS relative to an already characterized typically developing comparison sample of boys of comparable nonverbal mental age. The battery of measures employed will include standardized tests, expressive language samples, and laboratory-based measures. These measures will assess competence in vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics, as well as atypical language behavior (i.e., perseveration). (2) Potentially important determinants of within-syndrome variation in language development will be investigated. The focus will be on core psychological and behavioral features of FXS (i.e., working memory, autism symptoms, social avoidance, and anxiety), as well as genetic factors (i.e., FMRP expression) and environmental factors (e.g., family emotional climate). (3) The impact of linguistic impairments on adult outcomes reflective of independence participation in the community will be investigated. (4) We will identify those aspects of the language development profile of FXS that are similar (or dissimilar) to idiopathic autism, thereby yielding insights into syndrome specificity and the underlying pathology. This last aim will be addressed by collecting comparable data on a cohort of age- and nonverbal mental age-matched males with idiopathic autism. The primary analytical tool will be hierarchical linear modeling, although other techniques, such as multiple regression, also will be used.

Public Health Relevance

Fragile X syndrome is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability, affecting as many as 1 in 2,500 people. This project focuses on the development of language in males with the syndrome during adolescence and young adulthood, the factors that affect that development, and the ways in which language impairments limit independent functioning in adulthood. The data collected will increase understanding of the causes, consequences, and possible treatments of FXS.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HD024356-19
Application #
8236345
Study Section
Child Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Study Section (CPDD)
Program Officer
Urv, Tiina K
Project Start
1987-09-01
Project End
2017-01-31
Budget Start
2012-02-20
Budget End
2013-01-31
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$584,381
Indirect Cost
$113,690
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Klusek, Jessica; Ruber, Alexis; Roberts, Jane E (2018) Impaired eye contact in the FMR1 premutation is not associated with social anxiety or the broad autism phenotype. Clin Neuropsychol 32:1337-1352
Roberts, Jane E; Ezell, Jordan E; Fairchild, Amanda J et al. (2018) Biobehavioral composite of social aspects of anxiety in young adults with fragile X syndrome contrasted to autism spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 177:665-675
Robinson, Marissa; Klusek, Jessica; Poe, Michele D et al. (2018) The Emergence of Effortful Control in Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 123:89-102
Del Hoyo Soriano, Laura; Thurman, Angela John; Harvey, Danielle Jenine et al. (2018) Genetic and maternal predictors of cognitive and behavioral trajectories in females with fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 10:22
Klusek, Jessica; Porter, Anna; Abbeduto, Leonard et al. (2018) Curvilinear Association Between Language Disfluency and FMR1 CGG Repeat Size Across the Normal, Intermediate, and Premutation Range. Front Genet 9:344
Adlof, Suzanne M; Klusek, Jessica; Hoffmann, Anne et al. (2018) Reading in Children With Fragile X Syndrome: Phonological Awareness and Feasibility of Intervention. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 123:193-211
Del Hoyo Soriano, Laura; Thurman, Angela John; Abbeduto, Leonard (2018) Specificity: A Phenotypic Comparison of Communication-Relevant Domains Between Youth With Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome. Front Genet 9:424
Klusek, Jessica; Schmidt, Joseph; Fairchild, Amanda J et al. (2017) Altered sensitivity to social gaze in the FMR1 premutation and pragmatic language competence. J Neurodev Disord 9:31
Ashby, Shealyn A; Channell, Marie Moore; Abbeduto, Leonard (2017) Inferential language use by youth with Down syndrome during narration. Res Dev Disabil 71:98-108
Klusek, Jessica; LaFauci, Giuseppe; Adayev, Tatyana et al. (2017) Reduced vagal tone in women with the FMR1 premutation is associated with FMR1 mRNA but not depression or anxiety. J Neurodev Disord 9:16

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