Genetic defects or toxicant exposure often result in blocks in early germ cell development, but in some cases elevation of temperature or lowering testosterone levels can overcome this block. This suggests that the low scrotal temperatures and high intratesticular testosterone may not be optimal for spermatogonial and spermatocyte development in these pathological cases, and that effects restorative of testosterone suppression and elevated temperature might be mechanistically linked. We hypothesize that suppression of testosterone elevates testicular temperature, which then enhances general or specific metabolic events to overcome genetic or toxicant induced blocks. The juvenile spermatogonial depletion (jsd) mutant mouse is one model to study the mechanisms by which elevated temperature and hormone suppression can alleviate the block in spermatogonial differentiation. Jsd is a mutation in the Utp14b gene, which is involved in ribosomal RNA processing. Utp14b is a copy of the widely expressed (except spermatocytes) X linked Utp14a gene. Utp14b is mainly expressed in germ cells. We propose that in jsd mice, testosterone suppression leads to a gradual temperature increase, which restores ribosomal RNA processing by upregulating Utp14a in spermatogonia and/or spermatocytes. We will test between this model and alternatives with the following Specific Aims: (I) Determine whether testosterone suppression elevates testicular temperature in vivo, whether testosterone inhibits spermatogonial differentiation by acting on cells involved in temperature regulation, and whether temperature but not testosterone affects differentiation in vitro. (II) Determine if 18S ribosomal RNA processing is defective in both spermatogonia and spermatocytes of jsd mice at scrotal temperatures, and if processing is more efficient at body temperature. (III) Determine the specific or general metabolic processes that are altered by elevation of temperature to overcome the defects in germ cell differentiation. If temperature elevation restores 18S rRNA processing in jsd mice, then increases in Utp14a levels in germ cells will be examined as a specific compensatory mechanism. In addition, (IV) we will evaluate the application of testosterone suppression and elevated temperature to enhance spermatogonial development in irradiated mice, a toxicant induced model of hypospermatogenesis. These results will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying aspects of temperature and androgen effects on spermatogenesis and reveal a direct mechanistic link between these two modulators. This information would significantly contribute to both our basic understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis, and to possible treatments for oligospermia or azoospermia in men. Partial or complete blocks at the early stages of spermatogenesis results in low or zero sperm counts, a problem that appears to be increasing in men. Elucidation of the causes of such blocks and the mechanisms by which temperature elevation and hormone suppression can reverse them in experimental animal models could apply to treatment of genetically or environmentally caused male infertility in humans. Further, proof of our hypothesis that the effects of testosterone suppression and temperature elevation are mechanistically linked would lead to new insights and interpretations of published research.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD040397-09
Application #
8041059
Study Section
Cellular, Molecular and Integrative Reproduction Study Section (CMIR)
Program Officer
Moss, Stuart B
Project Start
2001-03-01
Project End
2013-01-31
Budget Start
2011-02-01
Budget End
2012-01-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$300,041
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
800772139
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Comish, P B; Liang, L Y; Yamauchi, Y et al. (2015) Increasing testicular temperature by exposure to elevated ambient temperatures restores spermatogenesis in adult Utp14b (jsd) mutant (jsd) mice. Andrology 3:376-84
Drumond, Ana Luiza; Weng, Connie C; Wang, Gensheng et al. (2011) Effects of multiple doses of cyclophosphamide on mouse testes: accessing the germ cells lost, and the functional damage of stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 32:395-406
Shetty, Gunapala; Porter, Karen L; Zhou, Wei et al. (2011) Androgen suppression-induced stimulation of spermatogonial differentiation in juvenile spermatogonial depletion mice acts by elevating the testicular temperature. Endocrinology 152:3504-14
Zhou, Wei; Wang, Gensheng; Small, Christopher L et al. (2011) Gene expression alterations by conditional knockout of androgen receptor in adult Sertoli cells of Utp14b jsd/jsd (jsd) mice. Biol Reprod 84:400-8
Wang, Gensheng; Shao, Shan H; Weng, Connie C Y et al. (2010) Hormonal suppression restores fertility in irradiated mice from both endogenous and donor-derived stem spermatogonia. Toxicol Sci 117:225-37
Zhou, Wei; Wang, Gensheng; Small, Christopher L et al. (2010) Gene expression alterations by conditional knockout of androgen receptor in adult sertoli cells of Utp14b(jsd/jsd) (jsd) mice. Biol Reprod 83:759-66
Wang, Gensheng; Weng, Connie C Y; Shao, Shan H et al. (2009) Androgen receptor in Sertoli cells is not required for testosterone-induced suppression of spermatogenesis, but contributes to Sertoli cell organization in Utp14b jsd mice. J Androl 30:338-48
Shetty, Gunapala; Shao, Shan H; Weng, Connie C Y (2008) p53-dependent apoptosis in the inhibition of spermatogonial differentiation in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (Utp14bjsd) mice. Endocrinology 149:2773-81
Zhao, Ming; Rohozinski, Jan; Sharma, Manju et al. (2007) Utp14b: a unique retrogene within a gene that has acquired multiple promoters and a specific function in spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 304:848-59
Bolden-Tiller, Olga U; Chiarini-Garcia, Helio; Poirier, Christophe et al. (2007) Genetic factors contributing to defective spermatogonial differentiation in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (Utp14bjsd) mice. Biol Reprod 77:237-46

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