Understanding the impact of living in poverty on children's development is as important as ever, given that the child poverty rate in the U.S. has remained stable at 18 percent for the last several years (National Center for Children in Poverty, 2006) and is the second highest in the industrialized world (only slightly less than Mexico: UNICEF, 2005). Recent advances in research on socioeconomic disadvantage and child development by our research team and others have shifted concern from whether income poverty has an impact on children's outcomes to more complex questions regarding how poverty takes a toll on children, questions of greater relevance to the design of program and policy innovations. Thus our objective in this current proposal is to strengthen the field's understanding of the mechanisms through which families'trajectories of income and hardship affect children's trajectories of success versus difficulty in academic and socio-emotional domains. In addition, we propose to expand our empirical lens beyond families to the important contribution of school socio-economic disadvantage to children's development. In what represents a synthesis of the investigators'expertise in developmental psychology, social work, education, public policy, and sociology, we propose to address the following aims:
Aim I : To examine how the timing, sequence, and duration of changes in family- level disadvantage impact the development of children's academic skills and social-emotional competence across elementary school and into middle school.
Aim II : To apply the theoretical frame of specificity of environmental action to understanding the impact of school-level disadvantage on children's academic achievement and social-emotional competence.
Aim III : To examine the independent, joint and sequential dynamic impacts of family-level and school-level contextual transitions on families'income and hardship and in turn on the development of children's achievement and social-emotional competence. We will analyze data from all five waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) to address these aims. Findings from this research have the potential to contribute to policy and program advances that will enhance the life chances of children in poor and low income families. This project aims to understand the mechanisms through which family-level and school-level poverty and disadvantage affect children's cognitive and social-emotional development from kindergarten through 8th grade. Findings from this research have the potential to contribute to policy and program advances that will enhance the life chances of children in poor and low income families.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD042144-08
Application #
7588725
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-RPHB-K (05))
Program Officer
King, Rosalind B
Project Start
2002-04-09
Project End
2009-07-31
Budget Start
2009-04-01
Budget End
2009-07-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$95,137
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Type
Schools of Social Work
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
Wagmiller Jr, Robert L (2015) The Temporal Dynamics of Childhood Economic Deprivation and Children's Achievement. Child Dev Perspect 9:158-163
Lowenstein, Amy E; Wolf, Sharon; Gershoff, Elizabeth T et al. (2015) The stability of elementary school contexts from kindergarten to third grade. J Sch Psychol 53:323-35
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Aber, J Lawrence; Beardslee, William R (2012) The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention. Am Psychol 67:272-84
Purtell, Kelly M; Gershoff, Elizabeth T; Aber, J Lawrence (2012) Low Income Families' Utilization of the Federal ""Safety Net"": Individual and State-Level Predictors of TANF and Food Stamp Receipt. Child Youth Serv Rev 34:713-724
Wagmiller Jr, Robert L; Gershoff, Elizabeth; Veliz, Philip et al. (2010) Does Children's Academic Achievement Improve when Single Mothers Marry? Sociol Educ 83:201-226
Wagmiller Jr, Robert L; Lennon, Mary Clare; Kuang, Li (2008) Parental health and children's economic well-being. J Health Soc Behav 49:37-55
Raver, C Cybele; Gershoff, Elizabeth T; Aber, J Lawrence (2007) Testing equivalence of mediating models of income, parenting, and school readiness for white, black, and Hispanic children in a national sample. Child Dev 78:96-115
Gershoff, Elizabeth T; Aber, J Lawrence; Raver, C Cybele et al. (2007) Income is not enough: incorporating material hardship into models of income associations with parenting and child development. Child Dev 78:70-95