This application seeks continued support for a proposal that has focused on the diffuse neuronal, axonal, synaptic and vascular responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The focus of the previous application centered on the pathogenesis of traumatic axonal injury, grounded on the belief that TBI caused progressive, focal changes within the axon cylinder, resulting in impaired axonal transport, swelling and delayed disconnection. Various therapeutic approaches were shown protective, with success achieved with the use of the immunophilin ligands, cyclosporin A and FK506, and hypothermic intervention. It was posited that impaired axonal transport, swelling and disconnection constituted the full repertoire of axonal change post TBI. More recent studies, however, have demonstrated that this premise was oversimplistic, with TBI evoking other forms of axonal change involving focal intraaxonal cytoskeletal collapse and disconnection, independent of axonal swelling. Although it was assumed these pathologies occurred only in myelinated axons, unmyelinated axonal injury was also recently identified. In recognition of this now diverse axonal pathology, the current application seeks to critically revisit the specific pathogenesis of the above described diverse axonal pathologies and their specific therapeutic modulation. Discrete brain loci from TBI rats and mice will be followed to identify potential focal alterations in axolemmal permeability to extracellular tracers, together with focal intraaxonal markers of impaired transport, cysteine protease activity and calpain activation. Routine fluorescence microscopy will be used for qualitative and quantitative analyses, together with confocal microscopy, with subsequent computer-assisted EM analysis of the axonal segments showing specific tracer/immunoreactive change. These intraaxonal responses will be explored under normal, traumatic conditions as well as experimental modification of intracranial pressure (ICP). In terms of these complex intraaxonal pathologies and their potential ICP modification, hypothermia and immunophilin ligands will be used to determine their precise effects upon the specific types of TBI-induced axonal change. Lastly, these studies will be interfaced with parallel electrophysiological assessment of compound action potentials from the same brain regions. Collectively, these studies should provide information of both therapeutic and mechanistic importance, which should have relevance to several ongoing clinical trials.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD055813-26
Application #
7570057
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BINP-L (01))
Program Officer
Nitkin, Ralph M
Project Start
1983-12-01
Project End
2012-01-31
Budget Start
2009-02-01
Budget End
2010-01-31
Support Year
26
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$335,176
Indirect Cost
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
Patel, Vishal C; Jurgens, Christopher W D; Krahe, Thomas E et al. (2017) Adaptive reorganization of retinogeniculate axon terminals in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following experimental mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 289:85-95
Wang, Jiaqiong; Fox, Michael A; Povlishock, John T (2013) Diffuse traumatic axonal injury in the optic nerve does not elicit retinal ganglion cell loss. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72:768-81
Fujita, Motoki; Wei, Enoch P; Povlishock, John T (2012) Intensity- and interval-specific repetitive traumatic brain injury can evoke both axonal and microvascular damage. J Neurotrauma 29:2172-80
Greer, John E; Povlishock, John T; Jacobs, Kimberle M (2012) Electrophysiological abnormalities in both axotomized and nonaxotomized pyramidal neurons following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 32:6682-7
Fujita, Motoki; Wei, Enoch P; Povlishock, John T (2012) Effects of hypothermia on cerebral autoregulatory vascular responses in two rodent models of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 29:1491-8
Fujita, Motoki; Oda, Yasutaka; Wei, Enoch P et al. (2011) The combination of either tempol or FK506 with delayed hypothermia: implications for traumatically induced microvascular and axonal protection. J Neurotrauma 28:1209-18
Greer, John E; McGinn, Melissa J; Povlishock, John T (2011) Diffuse traumatic axonal injury in the mouse induces atrophy, c-Jun activation, and axonal outgrowth in the axotomized neuronal population. J Neurosci 31:5089-105
Wang, Jiaqiong; Hamm, Robert J; Povlishock, John T (2011) Traumatic axonal injury in the optic nerve: evidence for axonal swelling, disconnection, dieback, and reorganization. J Neurotrauma 28:1185-98
Oda, Yasutaka; Gao, Guoyi; Wei, Enoch P et al. (2011) Combinational therapy using hypothermia and the immunophilin ligand FK506 to target altered pial arteriolar reactivity, axonal damage, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction after traumatic brain injury in rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31:1143-54
McGinn, Melissa J; Kelley, Brian J; Akinyi, Linnet et al. (2009) Biochemical, structural, and biomarker evidence for calpain-mediated cytoskeletal change after diffuse brain injury uncomplicated by contusion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:241-9

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