The impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on societies is without precedent in recorded human history. Globally, 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, the vast majority in sub-Saharan Africa. A prerequisite for the development and implementation of prevention interventions is an understanding of who is at risk and why. Many characteristics of the individual, the community they are from and the infection itself contribute to determining the risk of exposure and acquisition and multiple causal pathways exist linking social, demographic, economic, cultural and behavioural variables. Whilst many advances have been made in understanding the spread of HIV from studies of individual risk factors in a diverse range of populations, much is still unknown about why populations have experienced different epidemics, and what the drivers of high risk are compared with variables that simply correlate with risk. The project will use a multi-level framework to better understand the causal pathways of HIV infection (both in terms of acquisition and transmission of infection) in a rural South African setting where population-based surveys have measured HIV prevalence at >50% in some age-groups.
The research aims to identify and quantify important environmental, community, household and individual-level determinants of HIV incidence and prevalence to inform intervention strategies. Particular emphasis is placed at the level of the local community which is seen as being vital both to understanding the spread of the epidemic and to effective prevention efforts.

Public Health Relevance

To be able to implement effective interventions a greater understanding of the complex multi-level nature of the HIV epidemic is necessary. The proposed research will lead to a greater understanding of causal pathways of HIV infection by identifying and quantifying important environmental, community, household and individual-level determinants of HIV infection. This information can be used to guide effective prevention efforts.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD058482-02
Application #
7647161
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-HOP-T (50))
Program Officer
Newcomer, Susan
Project Start
2008-07-01
Project End
2013-06-30
Budget Start
2009-07-01
Budget End
2010-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$223,764
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kwazulu-Natal
Department
Type
DUNS #
637360244
City
Durban
State
Country
South Africa
Zip Code
3630
Hu, Janice; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Steele, Sarah Jane et al. (2018) The impact of lay counselors on HIV testing rates: quasi-experimental evidence from lay counselor redeployment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS 32:2067-2073
Oldenburg, Catherine E; Perez-Brumer, Amaya G; Reisner, Sari L et al. (2018) Human rights protections and HIV prevalence among MSM who sell sex: Cross-country comparisons from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Public Health 13:414-425
Oldenburg, Catherine E; Seage, George R; Tanser, Frank et al. (2018) Antiretroviral Therapy and Mortality in Rural South Africa: A Comparison of Causal Modeling Approaches. Am J Epidemiol :
Reniers, Georges; Blom, Sylvia; Calvert, Clara et al. (2017) Trends in the burden of HIV mortality after roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: an observational community cohort study. Lancet HIV 4:e113-e121
Dobra, Adrian; Bärnighausen, Till; Vandormael, Alain et al. (2017) Space-time migration patterns and risk of HIV acquisition in rural South Africa. AIDS 31:137-145
McGovern, Mark E; Herbst, Kobus; Tanser, Frank et al. (2016) Do gifts increase consent to home-based HIV testing? A difference-in-differences study in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int J Epidemiol 45:2100-2109
Vandormael, Alain M; Boulware, David R; Tanser, Frank C et al. (2016) Brief Report: Virologic Monitoring Can Be a Cost-Effective Strategy to Diagnose Treatment Failure on First-Line ART. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 71:462-6
Chimbindi, Natsayi; Bor, Jacob; Newell, Marie-Louise et al. (2015) Time and Money: The True Costs of Health Care Utilization for Patients Receiving ""Free"" HIV/Tuberculosis Care and Treatment in Rural KwaZulu-Natal. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 70:e52-60
Harling, Guy; Tanser, Frank; Mutevedzi, Tinofa et al. (2015) Assessing the validity of respondents' reports of their partners' ages in a rural South African population-based cohort. BMJ Open 5:e005638
Herbst, Kobus; Law, Matthew; Geldsetzer, Pascal et al. (2015) Innovations in health and demographic surveillance systems to establish the causal impacts of HIV policies. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 10:483-94

Showing the most recent 10 out of 90 publications