The purpose of this research is to test a set of interrelated hypotheses about the psychosocial benefits of racial/ethnic diversity in urban middle schools. It is hypothesized that greater diversity can benefit students'mental health, intergroup attitudes, and school adaptation via three mediating mechanisms: (1) decreases in perceived vulnerability;(2) the formation and maintenance of cross-ethnic friendships;and (3) the development of complex social identities. These mediating mechanisms are examined in Aims 1-3.
Aim 4 explores the moderating influences of individual student characteristics and school structural characteristics such as academic tracking that may limit the mixing opportunities of students. The hypotheses outlined in the four aims will be examined in a 3-year longitudinal study of approximately 7200 6th grade students as they enter one of 24 urban middle schools in southern or northern California. The large sample will be ethnically diverse, comprised of Latino, African American, Asian, Pacific Islander, White, and multi-ethnic students. The 24 middle schools that these students attend will be carefully selected to vary in racial/ethnic composition and level of diversity. Data on students'perceived vulnerability, cross-ethnic friendships, and social identities as well as the outcomes of mental health, intergroup attitudes, and school adaptation will be gathered in Fall and Spring of 6th grade and in Spring of 7th and 8th grade, for a total of four waves of data. Structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling will be used to track growth and change in these interrelated variables over time. By studying pathways to successful adaptation, the overarching goal of the research is to examine the conditions under which greater school ethnic diversity can buffer many of the normative challenges of early adolescence. Findings from the project will provide new insights into the role of school ethnic diversity as a psychosocial protective factor and into the meaning of ethnic diversity as a multi-faceted and dynamic construct. From a social policy perspective, the results can also contribute to the discourse on legal options for achieving greater racial/ethnic diversity in our nation's urban public schools.

Public Health Relevance

The purpose of this research is to examine the conditions under which greater racial/ethnic diversity in middle school can buffer many of the normative challenges of early adolescence. The focus will be on the ways in which ethnic diversity can contribute to improved mental health, more positives attitudes about peers from other racial/ethnic groups, and better school outcomes for all students. Findings will offer new insights into the role of school ethnic diversity as a psychosocial protective factor and into the meaning of racial/ethnic diversity as a multi-faceted and dynamic construct.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01HD059882-04S1
Application #
8742119
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-RPHB-E (02))
Program Officer
Esposito, Layla E
Project Start
2010-06-07
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-09-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$300,000
Indirect Cost
$105,195
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Type
Schools of Education
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Lessard, Leah M; Juvonen, Jaana (2018) Losing and gaining friends: Does friendship instability compromise academic functioning in middle school? J Sch Psychol 69:143-153
Juvonen, Jaana; Lessard, Leah M; Schacter, Hannah L et al. (2018) The Effects of Middle School Weight Climate on Youth With Higher Body Weight. J Res Adolesc :
Smith, Danielle Sayre; Schacter, Hannah L; Enders, Craig et al. (2018) Gender Norm Salience Across Middle Schools: Contextual Variations in Associations Between Gender Typicality and Socioemotional Distress. J Youth Adolesc 47:947-960
Lessard, Leah M; Juvonen, Jaana (2018) Friendless Adolescents: Do Perceptions of Social Threat Account for Their Internalizing Difficulties and Continued Friendlessness? J Res Adolesc 28:277-283
Juvonen, Jaana; Kogachi, Kara; Graham, Sandra (2018) When and How Do Students Benefit From Ethnic Diversity in Middle School? Child Dev 89:1268-1282
Knifsend, Casey A; Camacho-Thompson, Daisy E; Juvonen, Jaana et al. (2018) Friends in Activities, School-related Affect, and Academic Outcomes in Diverse Middle Schools. J Youth Adolesc 47:1208-1220
Schacter, Hannah L; Juvonen, Jaana (2018) Dynamic Changes in Peer Victimization and Adjustment Across Middle School: Does Friends' Victimization Alleviate Distress? Child Dev :
Echols, Leslie; Ivanich, Jerreed; Graham, Sandra (2018) Multiracial in Middle School: The Influence of Classmates and Friends on Changes in Racial Self-Identification. Child Dev 89:2070-2080
Echols, Leslie; Graham, Sandra (2018) Meeting in the Middle: The Role of Mutual Biracial Friends in Cross-Race Friendships. Child Dev :
Juvonen, Jaana; Lessard, Leah M; Schacter, Hannah L et al. (2017) Emotional Implications of Weight Stigma Across Middle School: The Role of Weight-Based Peer Discrimination. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 46:150-158

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