The epididymis is critical to the process of sperm maturation because it provides a unique luminal fluid microenvironment that allows for sperm maturation and survival, and disruptions to this function lead to male infertility. However, disruptions to epididymal function may also arise as a consequence of abnormal fetal development, although very little is known either of the process of epididymal development or of the nature and causes of congenital defects that lead to male infertility. A major event during Wolffian/ epididymal duct embryonic development is elongation and coiling, presumably as a result of cell proliferation. However, in this application we hypothesize that an additional mechanism, cell intercalation contributes to elongation and coiling. Elongation and coiling is not a trivial event but must be highly coordinated with its specialized function of providing a unique luminal fluid microenvironment that is so important for sperm maturation. We have chosen the embryonic time period because cell proliferation and ductal coiling are initiated and it is a time when potential defects can occur. Examining the mechanism(s) of cell intercalation as a means to elongate and coil the Wolffian duct is novel, and we are especially interested in examining the contribution of a member of the planar cell polarity pathway (PCP), Ptk7, as a regulator of this important event during Wolffian duct morphogenesis. A combination of genetically modified mice, modern imaging techniques, in vitro organ culture techniques, and gene modifying approaches will be used to test the hypotheses outlined in the following three specific aims: (1) To test the hypothesis that Ptk7 plays an important role in cell shape and cell positioning, which in turn allow the Wolffian duct to undergo the morphogenic events of elongation and coiling. (2) To test the hypothesis that Ptk7 regulates specific cell rearrangements by modulating the basolateral protrusive activity and the orientation of cell division yet maintaining cell proliferaion during Wolffian duct embryonic development. (3) To test the hypothesis that cell intercalation during Wolffian duct elongation and coiling is driven by polarized changes in cytoskeleton organization, and is regulated by Ptk7 through activation of the Wnt/PCP pathway. In summary, the hypothesis that the Wolffian duct can elongate via cell intercalation is highly novel and innovative because it has always been assumed that elongation of the epididymal duct is via cell proliferation only. In addition, we have uncovered an unusual regulatory molecule, Ptk7, which is hypothesized to play a role in Wolffian duct elongation and coiling. The anticipated outcomes of this study will not only have a major impact on an area of reproductive biology that has been poorly understood, but will also contribute to our understanding of the fundamental process of tube morphogenesis. Specifically they will provide an understanding as to how the regulation of growth of the epididymis during development is important clinically.

Public Health Relevance

Disruption of epididymal function and therefore, male infertility, will arise as a consequence of abnormal fetal development. Therefore, it is important to examine and understand the causes of congenital defects that lead to male infertility.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD069654-03
Application #
8644825
Study Section
Cellular, Molecular and Integrative Reproduction Study Section (CMIR)
Program Officer
Moss, Stuart B
Project Start
2012-04-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2014-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$306,860
Indirect Cost
$107,600
Name
University of Virginia
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
065391526
City
Charlottesville
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
22904
Xu, Bingfang; Santos, Sérgio A A; Hinton, Barry T (2018) Protein tyrosine kinase 7 regulates extracellular matrix integrity and mesenchymal intracellular RAC1 and myosin II activities during Wolffian duct morphogenesis. Dev Biol 438:33-43
Ribeiro, Camilla M; Ferreira, Lucas G A; Thimoteo, Daniel S et al. (2017) Novel androgen-induced activity of an antimicrobial ?-defensin: Regulation of Wolffian duct morphogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 442:142-152
Domeniconi, Raquel F; Souza, Ana Cláudia Ferreira; Xu, Bingfang et al. (2016) Is the Epididymis a Series of Organs Placed Side By Side? Biol Reprod 95:10
Xu, Bingfang; Washington, Angela M; Domeniconi, Raquel Fantin et al. (2016) Protein tyrosine kinase 7 is essential for tubular morphogenesis of the Wolffian duct. Dev Biol 412:219-33
Ribeiro, Camilla M; Silva, Erick J R; Hinton, Barry T et al. (2016) ?-defensins and the epididymis: contrasting influences of prenatal, postnatal, and adult scenarios. Asian J Androl 18:323-8
Murashima, Aki; Xu, Bingfang; Hinton, Barry T (2015) Understanding normal and abnormal development of the Wolffian/epididymal duct by using transgenic mice. Asian J Androl 17:749-55